Currently, when calculating the heat-shielding qualities of external enclosing structures, the ability of fencing surfaces to reflect the heat flux by radiation is not taken into account. All this leads to an underestimation of heat-shielding characteristics in comparison with reality. Studies have shown. that a number of factors affect the thermal protection of air layers - the difference in temperature on the surfaces of the interlayer, its thickness. But the most important is the coefficient of elimination of the air gap surface. The use of reflective heat insulation with a low emissivity on one of the surfaces of the air gap makes it possible to increase its thermal protection 2.5–3 times. The article presents the calculations of thermal protection of air gaps with different emissivity coefficients of surfaces and conclusions about the effectiveness of the use of reflective insulation.
WprowadzenieStale rosnące ceny paliw oraz wzrost świadomości w zakresie ochrony środo-wiska wymuszają konieczność podejmowania działań pozwalających na zmniejszenie zapotrzebowania na energię w budownictwie. Obniżenie zużycia energii wymuszane jest przez rygorystyczne wymagania dotyczące energochłonności oraz ochrony cieplnej budynków. Z tego względu konieczne jest poszukiwanie nowych konstrukcji i technologii, które pozwolą na dostosowanie obiektów do obowiązu-jących w danym regionie wymagań oraz umożliwią bardziej efektywne wykorzystanie energii z odnawialnych źródeł. Możliwe jest to do spełnienia m.in. dzięki wdrażaniu w Polsce standardów budynków pasywnych i energooszczędnych. W Polsce pojawiły się możliwości dofinansowania realizacji tego typu budynków, m.in. poprzez uruchomienie priorytetowego programu dopłat do realizacji obiektów w standardzie pasywnym NF15 oraz energooszczędnym NF40, ze środków Narodowego Funduszu Ochrony Środowiska i Gospodarki Wodnej, jednakże w chwili obecnej program ten został zakończony wraz z wygaśnięciem umów z bankami o współpracy przy współfinansowaniu inwestycji. Projektowany budynek agroturystyczny, przewidywany do ewentualnej realizacji na terenie Jury Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej, spełniał wszystkie wymagania konieczne do uzyskania wymienionego wyżej dofinansowania. Zapotrzebowanie na obiekty agroturystyczne na terenie Jury Krakowsko-CzęstochowskiejWedług danych statystycznych opracowanych przez Główny Urząd Statystyczny na temat wykorzystania turystycznych obiektów noclegowych [1-3] można zaobserwować wzrost zapotrzebowania na obiekty przeznaczone do udzielania noclegów w regionach turystycznych na terenie całego kraju (tab. 1).
Currently, a very big problem of cities in Europe and the world is air pollution with combustion products of car fuels, generation of heat and electricity. These impurities affect the microclimate of cities significantly. Pollution not only affects the area outside buildings, but getting into their interior through ventilation systems, which has an adverse effect on the indoor environment of buildings. High concentrations of CO2, cause a weakening of concentration in working people, which affects the deterioration of safety and work efficiency. For assessing air quality improvement on “green roofs”, a field study of CO2 content has been carried out on the “green roof” of a four-storey building, on a completely identical non-greened building, and on a highway with high-density traffic near them in Kiev. It was found that greening the roof significantly reduces the CO2 content from 501 ppm on the road and 452 ppm on the roof without protection to 410-415 ppm. It improves the conditions in which people work and rest.
In 2019, 99% of people in the world lived in areas violating WHO’s recommended air quality indicators. By WHO’s estimation, in 2019, air pollution caused 4.2 million premature deaths worldwide. The most harmful are PM2.5 particles, which penetrate the blood through the aerogematic barrier causing cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and cancer. PM10 can pass deeply into the lungs, but they are not so harmful. People always believed that rural air is healthy. Research at the University of Minnesota showed that 18 000 Americans die every year due to air pollution by agriculture, primarily, ammonia (NH3) from the decomposition of fertilizers and livestock waste (12.4 thousand deaths), and PM2.5 particles (4.8 thousand deaths). In polluted areas, plants have more aggressive allergenic pollen. Agricultural waste management and optimization of landscapes are effective ways of solving the problem. In this work, solutions are proposed to improve the air safety of agrocenoses. Minimization of contact of waste with air and its utilisation as soon as possible allows for avoiding decomposition. Converting to gasification boilers/ovens avoids releasing PM2.5 by heating. In addition, plants capable of purifying the air from relevant pollutants should be introduced in agrocenoses. The places for planting are forest protection strips, free places near roads, residential and administrative buildings, etc. In particular, the use of hedges with such plants can provide a local oasis of clean air around houses. In the case of dense land use and lack of free space, it is possible to introduce “green structures” on buildings. An assortment of plants for different regions of Ukraine is offered.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.