In recent years, the use of small-scale liquefied natural gas (LNG) has grown alongside demand from industrial users of natural gas. Small-scale LNG is an alternative to the supply of natural gas to remote areas with a cost-effectiveness challenge. To address this challenge, five mobile power plants located in remote areas with limited depth of water level in western Indonesia are used here as a case study. The objective of this paper is to optimize LNG distribution using small-scale LNG carriers and carry out an economic analysis in this region. The capacitated vehicle routing problem model was used to optimize the maritime routing of a small-scale LNG supply chain. The maximization of the volume cargo with a given LNG vessel capacity set as the objective function was therefore provided with the optimum inventory routing and economic analysis of the transport of LNG. Cluster 1 serves three power plants with a total demand of 966 m
3
/day and a distance is 913 Nautical Miles, while cluster 2 serves two power plants with a total demand of 690 m
3
/day and distance of 1,483 Nautical Miles. Economic analysis of the two clusters shows that there is a minimum difference in the margin rate needed to make it worth the investment, which is 3 USD/MMBTU for cluster 1 and 4 USD/MMBTU for cluster 2. Thus, this paper concludes that the cost of LNG transportation depends on the amount of cargo demand and shipping distances.
Reduction of fluid resistance using the rheological characteristics of a polymer-surfactant solvent is research that contains many aspects, such as the theory of the drag reduction process, historical journey, and ongoing current research development. Many studies have been conducted, but it is challenging to know all existing and new research threads. The present investigation was conducted using literature studies regarding drag reducing agents. This research will also discuss the characteristics of flowing fluids and their effects on the velocity profile with friction factor of flowing fluids in smooth circular straight pipe geometries based on experimental, theoretical approaches. It concludes with aspects of research conducted around reducing drag using drag reducing agents, ideas about innovations, structuring overlook in testing, and modification of the fluid flow state.
Bonded Logistics Center atau Pusat Logistik Berikat (PLB) ditetapkan sebagai bagian dari Paket Kebijakan Ekonomi Jilid II pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo, yang telah diatur di dalam Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) No. 85 tahun 2015. PLB ini diharapkan dapat menjadikan kegiatan logistik nasional menjadi lebih efisien, meningkatkan ketersediaan barang/bahan baku penunjang industri, dan mendorong investasi dari dalam dan luar negeri serta menjadikan Indonesia sebagai hub logistik di kawasan Asia Pasifik. Bagi industri manufaktur otomotif, keberadaan PLB ini diyakini akan memiliki dampak khusus baik dalam menunjang ketersediaan komponen otomotif maupun dalam meningkatkan daya saing ekspor kendaraan produksi nasional. Terlebih dengan adanya beleid yang tertuang dalam Peraturan Presiden No. 55 tahun 2019, tentang percepatan program kendaraan bermotor listrik berbasis baterai. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan analisis dampak keberadaan PLB bagi industri manufaktur otomotif nasional. Kajian dilakukan dengan menerapkan simulasi sistem dinamik untuk menguji hipotesa dampak keberadaan PLB. Pemodelan menggunakan pendekatan sistem dinamik menggunakan program Vensim®PLE8.0.4. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan adanya efisiensi yang dapat dihasilkan dengan adanya PLB. Kemudahan fasilitas pabean yang didapatkan dari PLB serta pengurangan waktu custom clearance memberi dampak positif yang signifikan bagi industri manufaktur otomotif nasional.
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