Little is known about the epidemiological characteristics of sleep and awake bruxism (SB and AB) in adolescents. The aims of the study were: to assess the prevalence rates of self-reported SB and AB in Israeli adolescents; to determine the associations between SB/AB and several demographical, exogenous and psychosocial factors in Israeli adolescents; and to investigate the possible concordance between SB and AB. The study made use of a questionnaire. The study population included 1000 students from different high schools in the centre of Israel. Prevalence of self-reported SB and AB in the Israeli adolescents studied was 9·2% and 19·2%, respectively. No gender difference was found regarding the prevalence of SB and AB. Multiple variable regression analysis revealed that the following predicting variables were related to SB: temporomandibular joint sounds (P = 0·002) and feeling stressed (P = 0·001). The following predicting variables were related to AB: age (P = 0·018), temporomandibular joint sounds (P = 0·002), oro-facial pain (P = 0·006), and feeling stressed (P = 0·002) or sad (P = 0·006). A significant association was found between SB and AB; that is, an individual reporting SB had a higher probability of reporting AB compared with an individual who did not report SB (odds ratio = 5·099). Chewing gum was the most common parafunction reported by adolescents. The results of this study demonstrate that self-reports of AB and SB are common in the Israeli adolescents population studied and are not related to gender. The significant correlation found between SB and AB may be a confounding bias that affects proper diagnosis of bruxism through self-reported questionnaires only.

Objective The role of men in family planning is critical in patriarchal societies like Pakistan. The objective of this study is to explore the predictors of modern contraceptive use among Pakistani men. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of Pakistan demographic and health survey (PDHS) 2017–18 data. The study sample consists of 3691 ever married men aged 15–49 years. Pearson’s chi square test and logistic regression were used to find out the determinants of modern contraceptive use among men. Data analysis was carried out in December, 2020. Results Findings of logistic regression showed that men who were uneducated (aOR = 0.746; 95% CI = 0.568–0.980), residing in Sindh (aOR = 0.748; 95% CI = 0.568–0.985), Baluchistan (aOR = 0.421; 95% CI = 0.280–0.632) or FATA (aOR 0.313; 95% CI 0.176–0.556) and those who belonged to the poorest wealth quintile (aOR = 0.569; 95% CI = 0.382–0.846) were less likely to use modern contraceptives. Men who did not wish for another child (aOR = 2.821; 95% CI = 2.305–3.451) had a higher likelihood of modern contraceptive use. Finally, men who thought that contraception was women’s business (aOR = 0.670; 95% CI = 0.526–0.853) and those who did not discuss family planning with health worker (aOR = 0.715; 95% CI = 0.559–0.914) were also less likely to use modern contraceptives. Conclusion Reproductive health education of males, targeting males, in addition to, females for addressing family planning issues and improvement of family planning facilities in socioeconomically under-privileged regions are suggested to improve contraceptive use among couples.

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