Background: Swellings of nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx have infl icted man from time immemorial. Nose is the most prominent part of the face with substantial aesthetic and functional signifi cance. A variety of non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions involve the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasophaynx, and these are very common lesions encountered in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Pathology, Kathmandu Model Hospital for a period of 5 years from August 2007 to August 2012. Demographic data including age, sex and clinical presentation were obtained from the histopathology records. Results: A total of 148 samples of tissue sent for histopathology were studied, out of which 119 were nonneoplastic and 29 were neoplastic lesions. A slight female preponderance was observed. Infl ammatory nasal polyp was the most common non-neoplastic lesions encountered accounting for a total of 106 cases (89%). Similarly, inverted papilloma was the most common benign lesion (6 cases) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion (5 cases). Conclusion: Sino-nasal masses have various differential diagnoses. Malignancy should be distinguished from non-malignant lesions. A detailed history, clinical examination and most importantly, thorough histopathological evaluation are essential components of workup of patients for timely medical intervention. Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, No.1, Issue 5, 351-355 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i5.7857
Background: Ultrasonography and computed tomography guided fine needle aspiration cytology has an important role in diagnosing intraabdominal and intrathoracic mass lesions. It has an accuracy of 70-90%, depending on the site under evaluation. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was done in the Department of Pathology, Kathmandu Model Hospital, between June 2006 and November 2010. The study included 53 abdominal and 47 thoracic masses. The cytological diagnosis was correlated with clinical and radiological data to arrive at a final diagnosis. Results: Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed in various anatomic sites: liver (28 cases), pancreas (8 cases), lymph nodes (7 cases), ovary and gall bladder (3 cases each) and 2 cases each of gastrointestinal tract and omentum. Thoracic aspirations were done from the lung (44 cases) and mediastinum (3 cases). The most common malignancy encountered in the abdomen was hepatocellular carcinoma (12 cases). Non-small cell carcinoma was the most common diagnoses amongst the lung lesions (15 cases). Conclusion: Ultrasonography and computed tomography guided fine needle aspiration cytology had a high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing deep seated lesions. Keywords: Computed tomography; Deep-seated masses; Fine needle aspiration; Ultrasound DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v1i1.4444 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2011) Vol.1, 17-21
Background: Bone marrow examination is an important diagnostic tool to evaluate various disorders which includes both neoplastic and non- neoplastic hematological diseases. Few studies have compared the relative value of aspirate with trephine biopsy. The present study was conducted to compare the role of bone marrow aspirate and trephine biopsy to formulate an effective and rapid method for diagnosing wide spectrum of hematological diseases. Materials and Methods: This is a three year retrospective study done from July 2010 to June 2013. A total of 95 cases presented with clinical haematological disorders; of which only 89 were biopsied and the correlation done. All the smears and sections were reviewed for morphological details and findings on aspirate and biopsy and compared to each other. Results: Out of the 89 cases selected for study; bone marrow aspiration revealed diagnostic materials in 75 cases and 14 cases were inconclusive for a definite diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy of the bone marrow aspiration cytology was 84.26%. Eighty eight cases were diagnosed on trephine biopsy of bone marrow with diagnostic accuracy of 98.87%. Conclusion: Both the aspiration cytology and trephine biopsy complement each other for evaluating any haematological disorder. Though cellular morphology is better understood in marrow aspirates and is equally effective to biopsy in diagnosing various anemias and leukemias; however it is the histopathological study of trephine biopsy that gives well preserved marrow architecture with its all cellular and stromal components. modalities including radiological, microbiological and serological tests. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10294 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2014) Vol. 4, 534-538
Background:The use of cytological methods in the diagnosis of malignant lesions of the respiratory tract has been generally acclaimed as one of its most successful applications. Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy revolutionized respiratory cytology, as bronchial brushings, broncho-alveolar lavage and bronchial forceps biopsy became more easy, accessible and popular, shifting the emphasis from diagnosis of advanced malignancy in inoperable patients to the use of cytology as a first line diagnostic and management tool. Respiratory tract cytology is well established throughout the world as a diagnostic procedure in the evaluation of patient with suspected lung malignancy. Materials and Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 50 patients divided in two groups who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy during the period from November 2007 to October 2008 at the Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Unit, Bir Hospital. Group I consisted of 35 cases of suspected lung malignancy on clinical and radiological examination, while group II consisted of 15 cases of non-neoplastic lung diseases.Results: Bronchial brushing and forceps biopsy showed a sensitivity of 50% and 84.21% respectively in the diagnosis of malignancy. Broncho-alveolar lavage revealed malignancy in 66.7% patients. Transthoracic needle aspiration had the highest sensitivity of 100% whereas bronchial wash was revealed malignancy only in 17.4% of the cases.
Aims: This study was conducted to evaluate maternal characteristics and obstetric outcomes among women with hyperemesis gravidarum during pregnancy. Methods: A prospective hospital based study was conducted at Nepal medical college and teaching hospital over the period of two years where all the women admitted with history of hyperemesis gravidarum were evaluated. Hyperemesis gravidarum was defined as intractable nausea/vomiting in pregnancy that leads to dehydration, nutritional deficiency, electrolyte and metabolic disturbances and considerable ketonuria that may require hospitalization. The age of women, parity, gestational age, method of treatment and duration of hospital stay were analysed.The fetal outcome evaluated were incidence of preterm birth, apgar score <7 at 5 mins of birth, low birth weight, perinatal deaths and congenital anomalies in baby. Results: There were 52 women admitted with hyperemesis gravidarum among all obstetric admission (N= 2080). The incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum was 2.5% of all pregnancy. The condition was seen more commonly in nulliparous (61.5%) than in multiparous women. It was less common in women of parity 3 or more. The problem was identified maximum (50%) in gestational age of 5-7 weeks though one case was seen in gestational age of 20 weeks also. The mainstay of treatment was supportive. The range of hospital stay was 1-10 days with mean hospital stay 2.26 days. The preterm delivery rate was 4.8% and none of the babies were low birth weight. All the babies had apgar score >7 at 5 mins of birth. There were no congenital anomalies and no perinatal deaths were noted. Conclusions: Women with hyperemesis gravidarum did not have adverse obstetric outcome in this study. NJOG 2011 Nov-Dec; 6 (2): 24-26 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i2.6752
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