In this brief review, we summarize the recent research activities involved in the development of amperometric-type immunosensors based on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). We focus on the underlying principle involved in these types of sensors, their fabrication and electrode surface modification. We also discuss the various factors involved in the designing of such immunosensors and how they affect their performances. Finally we provide an insight into the drawbacks associated with these SPEs.
Thermo transfer type MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) based micro flow sensing device have promising potential to solve the limitation of implantable arterial blood flow rate monitoring. The present paper emphasizes on modeling and simulation of MEMS based micro flow sensing device, which will be capable of implantable arterial blood flow rate measurement. It describes the basic design and model architecture of thermal type micro flow sensor. A pair of thin film micro heaters is designed through MEMS micro machining process and simulated using CoventorWare; a finite element based numerical code. A rectangular cross section micro channel has been modeled where in micro heater and thermal sensors are embedded using the same CoventorWare tools. Some promising and interesting results of thermal dissipation depending upon very small amount of flow rate through the micro channel are investigated. It is observed that measuring the variation of temperature difference between downstream and upstream, the variation of fluid flow rate in the micro channel can be measured. The numerical simulation results also shows that the temperature distribution profile of the heated surface depends upon microfluidic flow rate i.e. convective heat transfer is directly proportional to the microfluidic flow rate on the surface of the insulating membrane. The simplified analytical model of the thermo transfer type flow sensor is presented and verified by simulation results, which are very promising for application in arterial blood flow rate measuring in implantable micro devices for continuous monitoring of cardiac output.
To successfully design a hexapod robot with maneuverability over varying terrains, the kinematic and dynamic analyses for its motion are very essential. This paper proposes an integrated approach for carrying out design, analysis and simulation of the motions and mechanisms of hexapod robots generating turning gaits. A new path planning approach is proposed for the turning motion analysis of the robot walking over any kind of terrain varying from flat to rough in three-dimensional Cartesian space with the desired gait pattern. The kinematics model of the hexapod robot having legs of three degrees of freedom each is developed to simulate turning motion, and its performance is tested on a realistic computer aided design model using the available virtual prototyping tools. The model is capable of investigating various kinematic parameters of the hexapod robot like displacement, velocity, acceleration, trace of the position of aggregate center of mass during turning motions. A case study is solved and the theoretically obtained results are verified by simulating the same in a commercially available numerical solver for multibody dynamic analysis like MSC.ADAMS Ò . The results show a close agreement between the theoretical and simulated results, which proves the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
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