Objective: Malnutrition because of poor dietary diversity contributing to child morbidity and mortality. Two-thirds of child mortality occurs within the first 2 years. However, there is limited data related to dietary diversity among children aged 6 to 23 months in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess dietary diversity and factors among children aged 6 to 23 months in the study setting. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study conducted on 438 children aged 6 to 23 months in Dire Dawa, 1-30/02/2019. Simple random sampling was used to select study subjects. Data collected using a structured and pretested interview administered questionnaire. Data entered using EpiData 4.2 and analyzed with SPSS Version 22. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associated factors. Adjusted odd-ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) used, and P-value <.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The overall minimum dietary diversity practice was 24.4% (95% CI: 20.3, 28.5). Maternal education [AOR 2.20; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.52], decision-making [AOR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.19, 5.29], antenatal care [AOR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.20, 3.99], postnatal care [AOR = 6.4; 95% CI: 2.78, 14.94] and facility delivery [AOR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.35, 5.25] were maternal factors. Moreover, child’s age [AOR = 2.84; 95% CI: 1.39, 5.83], and child’s sex [AOR = 2.85; 95% CI: 1.64, 4.94] were infant factors. Conclusion: One-fourth of children practiced minimum dietary diversity. Child’s age, birth interval, postnatal care, antenatal care, child’s sex, mothers’ decision-making, mothers’ education, and place of delivery were significant predictors. Therefore, maternal education, empowering women, and improve maternal service utilization are crucial to improving dietary diversity.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the incidence and associated factors of acute postoperative pain after cesarean section within the first 24 h of postoperative period. Methods: An institutional-based prospective observational study was conducted on parturients who had undergone cesarean section in Gandhi Memorial Hospital from 1 December 2019 to 28 February 2020. A numerical rating scale was used to evaluate the incidence of acute postoperative pain. Patients having a pain score of >4 were considered having moderate-to-severe pain on numerical rating scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess the association of variables. A p value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant association with dependent variables. Result: In total, 290 parturients participated in the study with a response rate of 98%. Moderate-to-severe acute postoperative pain after cesarean section was 76.2% (95% confidence interval: 71%, 81%) in the first 24 h postoperatively. On multivariable analysis, previous cesarean section history (adjusted odds ratio: 2.80, 95% confidence interval: 1.40, 5.55; p = 0.003), preoperative anxiety (adjusted odds ratio: 2.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.45, 5.05; p = 0.003), transverse incision type (adjusted odds ratio: 3.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.67, 6.72; p = 0.002), and incision length (adjusted odds ratio: 2.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.24, 4.85; p = 0.009) were identified as risk factors for postoperative moderate-to-severe acute pain. Conclusion: The incidence of moderate-to-severe postoperative pain was high in the first 24-h postoperative period; this indicates that pain management after cesarean section was treated inadequately. History of previous cesarean section, preoperative anxiety, transverse incision, and incision length >10 cm were the factors of postoperative acute pain after cesarean section. Therefore, we suggest the study institution develop a protocol for pain management.
Background Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are essential components of general anesthesia. But it is always associated with side effects called reflex cardiovascular responses. Many methods have been identified to attenuate these responses like intravenous lidocaine, deep inhalational anesthesia, vasodilators, intravenous magnesium sulphate even though therapeutic superiority remains understudied. Methods An institutional-based cohort study on 112 adult patients aged between 18–60 years was applied. 37 patients in the non-exposed group (Group N), 37 in the lidocaine group (Group L), and 38 in magnesium sulphate (Group M) were included. The hemodynamic parameters like heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure at various time points up to 7 minutes post-intubation were recorded and the effect of both drugs to reduce hemodynamic responses was compared. Parametric data were analyzed using ANOVA and nonparametric data using the Kuruska-Wallis H rank test. P-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results In all three groups, there was a statistically significant rise in heart rate and blood pressure from baseline. There was a statistically significant difference in mean heart rate throughout study minutes among the groups (p<0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in mean heart rate between Groups M and L at all post-intubation time intervals. In blood pressure at all three parameters there was statistically significant difference among groups at all-time points except no difference at 7th minutes in DBP. There was significantly lower blood pressure in group M compared to both groups. Conclusion In conclusion, prophylactic administration of magnesium sulphate and lidocaine was effective in attenuating hemodynamic responses to the stress effect of laryngoscopy and intubation. But based on our finding prophylaxis of magnesium sulphate is associated with a more favorable hemodynamic response.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the practice of manual perioperative anesthesia record-keeping in Debre Markos and Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized hospitals from May to June 2022. Methods: A descriptive study was undergone from May 1 to June 30, 2022 at two Hospitals that are under Amhara regional health bureau. To retrieve and analyze manual anesthesia record-keeping practice, a checklist was developed from manual perioperative anesthesia record sheet of study hospitals and the American society of anesthesiologists which comprises indicators with corresponding predefined components. The checklist comprised questions with three alternatives “complete” for full data recorded, “incomplete” for partial data recorded, and “No” for totally missed data. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data. Result: The name of the anesthetist was recorded as our expectation which means 100% complete. The name of the surgeon was the second most frequently recorded preoperative related indicator with a completion rate of 98.4%. Other preoperative indicators like last food/drink, current/previous medications, alcoholic/cigarette hx, pregnancy, cardiovascular, other system, and laboratory also not recorded in an eligible way. The anesthesia record completion rate was below fifty percent in many intraoperative indicators. Conclusion: and recommendation: Most of the perioperative anesthesia recording indicators were found poorly recorded or below the standards. Information about preoperative patient condition and identity, intraoperative drug administrations, monitoring related information, and postoperative orders regarding pain and fluid management are among inadequately/illegibly recorded indicators. We recommend different interventional strategies like training, refresher course on the importance of the anesthetic record, and regular feedback for anesthetists improves the practice of manual anesthesia record-keeping. Highlights
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