The present study showed a positive associations was found between PA habits and high academic achievement. In addition, positive association was found between PA, obese students and GPA achievement. Therefore, there is a need for the establishment of physical activity education and public health programs to promote importance of PA in Saudi population.

Objectives:To evaluate sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in health care professionals who are performing shift work.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 510 health care professionals at Prince Sultan Military Medical City and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between December 2015 and April 2016. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Participants were divided into 2 groups: shift workers and non-shift workers.Results:We compared both groups regarding the effect of shift work on the total score of PSQI and ESS. We found that the PSQI global score (p<0.001) and the total ESS score (p=0.003) were significantly higher in shift work health care professionals.Conclusion:Shift work among health care professionals is associated with poor sleep quality but not excessive daytime sleepiness. Health care professionals performing shift work have PSQI and ESS scores slightly higher than non-shift work health professionals.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of PRBC transfusion and the development of NEC in VLBW preterm infants at a tertiary care neonatal unit. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was performed. All VLBW infants (gestational age≤32 week and birth weight <1500 g) born between 1999 and 2013 were included. Cases and controls were divided into four groups: (1) Infants who received PRBC transfusion and developed NEC within 48 hours of transfusion; (2) Infants who received PRBC transfusion and did not develop NEC; (3) Infant who developed NEC and did not receive PRBC transfusion; and (4) Infants who neither developed NEC nor received PRBC transfusion. Our primary outcome was the association of PRBC transfusion with the development of severe NEC. RESULTS: One hundred fifty two VLBW infants were enrolled. The mean birth weight of enrolled infants was 1042 g and a mean gestational age of 28 weeks. The included four groups were not statistically different with regard to baseline important variables. Infants who had NEC and received PRBC transfusion (group 1) had higher incidence of sepsis and severe retinopathy of prematurity. Overall, Infants who received PRBC transfusion had a lower incidence of NEC (OR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.18,0.84, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: We observed a lower association of PRBC transfusion and severe NEC in VLBW infants. Prospective, randomized well powered studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Background and Objectives Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) exhibits nonspecific clinical presentations, and these symptoms may be associated with other conditions such as allergies, including allergic rhinitis and laryngitis. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the correlation of laryngopharyngeal reflux with allergic rhinitis/laryngitis. Hence, the aim of this study is to explore the correlation between these two conditions. Patients and Methods A total of 126 patients with suggestive manifestations of laryngopharyngeal reflux were included in this study. Patients were classified into LPR positive and negative groups based on the results of a 24-hour oropharyngeal pH monitoring system while allergic rhinitis status was assessed with the score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR). The results of the two groups were compared regarding the SFAR score. Correlation between the pH results and SFAR score was explored. Results The LPR positive group demonstrated significantly higher SFAR scores compared to the negative LPR group (p < 0.0001). In addition, the Ryan score was significantly correlated with the SFAR total score and its symptomatology-related items (r ranged between 0.35 and 0.5). Conclusion. It seems that laryngopharyngeal reflux increases patients' self-rating of allergic manifestations. It appears that there is an association between laryngopharyngeal reflux and allergic rhinitis/laryngitis.