Chemical investigation of a methanolic extract of leaves from Araucaria bidwillii (Araucariaceae) from Egypt afforded four new labdane diterpenoidal metabolites (1-4) together with one known diterpene, 7-oxocallitrisic acid (5), two triterpenoidal metabolites, 2-O-acetyl-11-keto-boswellic acid ( 6) and β-sitosterol-3-O-glucopyranoside (7), phloretic acid (8), and two methylated bisflavonoids, agathisflavone-4',7,7"-trimethyl ether ( 9) and cupressuflavone-4',7,7"-trimethyl ether (10). The new metabolites 1-4 were unambiguously identified by applying extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies as well as HRESIMS. The relative and absolute configurations of 1-4 were determined using ROESY and the modified Mosher's method, respectively. All isolated compounds were assessed for their antimicrobial, antitubercular and cytotoxic activities. Among the tested compounds, the new labdane diterpenes 1-4 revealed significant cytotoxic activity against mouse lymphoma L5178Y cell line with IC 50 values ranging from 1.4 to 12.9 µM, respectively.
The molluscicidal activity of leaves and rhizomes extracts of Iris pseudacorus L. family Iridiaceae against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails were evaluated and proved activity. The successive extracts of leaves viz; n-hexane, chloroform, diethyl ether and ethyl acetate (LC 50 values ranged from 0.8~14.65 mg/L) were found to be more potent than those of rhizomes. Bioactivity guided fractionation of leaves extracts resulted in the isolation of (13) compounds. The structural determination of the isolated compounds was established upon the study of their physicochemical and spectral data including UV, IR, 1 H, 13 C-NMR and MS as well as comparison with the data reported in literature. These compounds were identified as: apigenin (1), luteolin (2), -sitosterol-3-O-glucoside (3), catechol (4), protocatechuic acid (5), gallic acid (6), (-)-epicatechin (7), iso-vitexin (8), vitexin (9), iso-orientin (10), orientin (11), and mangiferin (13). Reviewing the available literature, this is the first report regarding the determination of molluscicidal activity as well as isolation and identification of these compounds from Iris pseudacorus L.
Two new phenolic compounds, 2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methyl-acetophenone 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and benzyl alcohol 7-O-(3',4',6'-triO -galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), together with eight known phenolic compounds, were isolated from the 70% aqueous acetone extract of Eucalyptus gomphocephala DC. (Myrtaceae). The isolated compounds were elucidated based on their 1 H, 13 C, DQF-COSY, selective 1D-TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC NMR spectroscopic and ESI-MS data. The antioxidant effect of the phenolic compounds was tested using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH •), hydroxyl radical and super oxide anion radical scavenging assays. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was evaluated using HeLa cell line.
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huang-Qin or Chinese skullcap) is a native medicinal plant in China that is commonly used for the treatment of seizures, viral infections, and cancer. The numerous pharmacodynamics of this plant is referred to as its rich content of flavones (baicalin and wogonoside) and their corresponding aglycones (baicalein and wogonin). Wogonin is one of the most extensively investigated active components of Scutellaria baicalensis. A multitude of preclinical studies indicated that wogonin possesses many pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic, neuroprotective, antidiabetic and antiviral effects. However, studies regarding the toxicity profile of wogonin are lacking. This review focuses on the recently published data regarding the chemistry and the pharmacokinetic profile of wogonin. Moreover, it highlights some of wogonin's well documented biological activities such as cytotoxic, neuroprotective, antidiabetic and antiviral activities. The information in this review encourages further investigations to elucidate the wogonin's full toxicological profile for verification of the safety of wogonin and the determination of the maximal tolerable dose (MTD) to be able to extrapolate wogonin's benefits to the clinical setting.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.