Abiotic stresses are dramatically affecting plant growth. The research was conducted to understand the effect of fungal endophytes as a soil amendment to alleviate abiotic stress (drought) on wheat plant. Five fungal endophytes were isolated from semi-arid areas and applied to sandy soil. Pot experiments had been achieved under three water treatments well irrigated 100% of FC, moderate stress 60% of FC and severe stress 40% of FC. The physiological parameters had been measured (shoot and root fresh weights, shoot and root dried weights, plant height, grain weight, chlorophyll content, and proline content). The results showed all physiological plant parameters decreased with increasing water stress because it is adversely affected plant growth. Except proline content that increased with decreasing of water content. Results showed that Rhizopus sp and Curvularia sp enhanced plant drought tolerance through significant increasing in plant growth parameters and decreasing in proline content. Also, these funguses increased irrigation water productivity for wheat plant under stressed condition. So, fungal endophytes have a potential effect that increases water productivity and wheat tolerance to drought stress.
A Field experiment was conducted Experimental Station Etay El-Baroud in during two successive seasons to study the effect of four irrigation rates on growth and production of three flax genotypes (Sakha 6, Giza 11, and Giza 12). Plant growth parameters, straw yield, fiber yield and seed yield were measured and four surface irrigation rates (40% of ETo, 60% of ETo, 80% of ETo and 100% of ETo) were applied in clay soil. Results showed that the irrigation treatment had a non-significant in plant height, technical stem length, length of fruiting, number of fruiting, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds in capsules of flax in two seasons. Meanwhile length of the fruiting zone, number of seed per plant, biological yield, straw yield, seed yield and fiber yield were significant difference with irrigation rates. Water stress adversely affected theses parameters. Flax cultivars differ in flax plant growth and yield component parameters. The interaction between water stress and flax cultivars revealed that Sakha 6 was the superiority tolerant flax genotypes in comparison with Giza 11 and Giza 12. The average applied irrigation water AIW throw two seasons were 1018, 1526, 2035 and 2544 m3/fed for 40, 60, 80 and 100% ETo irrigation treatments, respectively. The irrigation water productivity (IWP) was increasing with decreasing applied irrigation water. The highest value in IWP of straw yield was in Sakha 6 under 40 % ETo while the lowest was Giza 12 under fully irrigated. The highest value of seed IWP were in Giza 11 and Giza 12. It could be recommended that planting of Giza 11 to obtain highest seed yields and Giza 12 to obtain highest fiber yields and save more water. The highest value of fiber IWP was in Giza 12, only. It concluded that flax genotypes differed in its growth and yield components under water stress conditions.
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