A situation in which the car is directly parked under the sunlight needs to be considered as one of unavoidable operating conditions.The thermal phenomenon perceived by car dashboard might affect its functionality. The biomechanical function of the dashboard focused on the thermo-structural evaluation due to the direct sunlight was numerically simulated and investigated in this work. Polypropylene was chosen as the main dashboard material.The aims are to evaluate the temperature distribution, stress distribution and structural deformation of a car dashboard subjected to direct sunlight and due to the outside air goes inside the passenger compartment through an air duct.The material yieldsa small temperature gradient due to both direct sunlight and air flow through the air duct.By imposing 400 W/m2 heat flux on the dashboard surface, the stress distribution mainly occurs in the part of the applied constraints and the air duct placement, which has maximum value 19.56 MPa. The displacement of the dashboard is 0.0357 mm which is chiefly experienced by the front-centre part of the dashboard surface.
The presence of other vehicles, travelling together on the road, highly contributes to the condition on the realistic air flow direction. The position alteration of other vehicles generates different airflow direction which is unpredictable experienced by the vehicle under investigation. It considerably affects the stability of a vehicle having large size of the body. The purpose of the study was to investigate the aerodynamic response of a detailed bus model in overtaking process with the interference of crosswind. Fluidic simulation was performed to investigate the air flow behavior imposed on the bus by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. A scaled bus model was used in the simulation with the different positions representing the buses during the overtaking process. The coefficient X/L was introduced to realize the vehicle position during the overtaking process. The results discussed the alteration of drag force coefficient, lift force coefficient, side force coefficient, during the position on overtaking process. The resulting turbulence kinetic energy around the bus was also discussed by comparing the case without crosswind and when the yaw angle was 30°. The most prominent aerodynamic forces alteration occurs when the overtaking process was at X/L=1. Further explanation about the pressure coefficient at the surface of the bus and the area around the vehicle was investigated at this position. The accuracy of numerical results calculation was verified by comparing the result of simulation and experimental testing of Cd and Cl with the percentage of deviation 0.37% and 2.90% respectively.
The Covid19 pandemic that has hit the world requires educational media innovations that are portable, lightweight, and easy to operate for online learning purposes. This study aims to develop learning media for students of the Light Vehicle Engineering Vocational School on the topic of a 2 stroke engine using a engine model made using 3D printing technology with Polylactic Acid as the base material. This is carried out to develop media to support teachers of related subjects in the implementation of online learning. This study uses the Design and Development (DD Research) method which consists of identifying the problem, describing the objectives, design and development, testing, evaluating and finally communicating the results. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively to explain the obtained results. The checklist evaluation was performed to assess the produced learning media. The results indicated that the utilization of 3D print to create lightweight, portable and representable learning media has been successfully achieved. The constructed learning media is aimed to be utilized to explain the competency of two-strokes engine in a distance learning.
The proper design of the suspension damper determines the ride quality and road holding performance of the suspension system against the road excitation. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of both sprung and unsprung masses on the root-mean-square vertical acceleration experienced by the occupants to determine the optimal value of the damping coefficient. Road excitation, 2-DOF mathematical model, and ISO 2631 weighting function were numerically modelled into three different cases in Matlab platform. The responses in root-mean-square value of acceleration were then evaluated. Further, the results were compared and the analysis was performed to determine the optimal value of the damping coefficient for the proposed suspension model. The obtained results indicate that varying the sprung masses with the proportional value of unsprung masses does not affect the root-mean-square value, but it increases the value of optimum damping coefficient by 131.5 Ns/m. Making the sprung mass constant increases the root-mean-square value by 0.005 m/s2 for each chosen unsprung mass. However, fixing the unsprung mass influences both acceleration and the value of damping coefficient.
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