In summary, perioperative measurement of cTnI, CK and PCT reflects myocardial damage and systemic inflammatory response and allows an improved peri- and postoperative management. PiCCO technique is an excellent, less invasive tool to determine postoperative cardiac function.
Mechanical valve prostheses are a valuable option for left-sided heart valve replacement in pediatric patients. Perioperative morbidity was exclusively related to patients with MVR. Oversizing was often possible to avoid early reoperation for outgrowth. The operative mortality and long-term morbidity are acceptable. Anticoagulation self-management is safe and well accepted.
Some anatomical subsets of HLHS with borderline mitral valves and small left ventricles may undergo two-ventricle repair despite severe LVOTO. Mortality and morbidity seem to be lower, but selection criteria are so far not defined.
The intramural course of coronary arteries in patients with d-TGA is rare and does not cause increased mortality or myocardial infarction rates. However, the risk of coronary occlusion over time seems to be high. Therefore, patients with this condition require selective coronary angiography and frequent exercise investigations. Revascularization with an internal mammary artery bypass may be indicated.
Intracardiac repair of some congenital heart defects can be performed safely and effectively via minimally-invasive approaches. Indications are expanding towards more complex defects. Exposure for precise repair is good, additional incisions can be avoided, and cosmetic results have been excellent.
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