Cardiovascular diseases are one of the key health issues in Kazakhstan. According to the WHO, the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) was 28% in males and 25% in females in 2015, which puts up vastly to premature mortality from non-communicable diseases.
The search for genetic features of target organ lesions processes in AH is relevant. The goal of this study was to search for the genetic markers of myocardial remodeling (MR) and carotid artery remodeling (CAR).
A total of 866 hypertensive individuals were recruited in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. Their blood was genotyped for 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the eighth chromosome to find an association with remodeling. The analysis was carried out in the group pairs (control and CAR, control and MR, and control and CAR and MR). The genotype–phenotype association was assessed using 5 different inheritance models: dominant, codominant, recessive, overdominant, and log-additive.
Statistically significant results were found for 3 SNPs (rs2407103, rs11775334, rs2071518) which minor alleles enlarged risks of MR and CAR in AH in the studied population. Three polymorphisms have previously been associated with АН and some other traits like pulse pressure and blood glucose in other ethnic populations: rs2407103 – in Afro-American population, rs11775334 – in the European population, rs2071518 is well studied in various ethnic populations (European, South Asian, Afro-American, Hispanic, East Asian).
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is increasingly cited as the world's leading health risk. The sequence of events toward multimorbidity in most cases passes through MS. According to the research, MS heritability ranges from 23 to 27% in Europeans, and 51 to 60% in Asians. The purpose of the review: to form a strategy for the selection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the study of MS in the Kazakh population based on the effect of SNPs on homeostasis indicators The stable symptom complex of MS is a complicated dynamic system of successive accumulations of dysmetabolic disorders of homeostasis. This system starts the development of subsequent age-associated diseases), such as cardiometabolic, neurodegenerative, and malignant neoplasms. The system for selecting SNPs for the MS study, proposed on the basis of the concept of homeostasis dysfunction, assumes, in conditions of limited resources, to see the greatest level of their influence within the conditional framework of three genetic models of homeostasis dysregulation: insulin resistance , oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. This approach is fundamentally different from the traditional approach involving candidate genes. It is expected that scientific research in this direction will contribute not only to the understanding of general biological processes, but also to the targeted search for genetic determinants and for new opportunities for personalized interventions.
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