ABSTRACT. In Thai traditional medicine, Moringa oleifera is used for the treatment of diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of many degenerative diseases, such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the antioxidant effect of M. oleifera extract (MOE) for reduction of advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation, cell viability, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism gene expression in HepG2 cells. We found that the lyophilized form of MOE in 80% ethanol possessed mean (± SD) total antioxidant, polyphenolic, and flavonoid contents of 9307 ± 364 TE mM/kg dry mass, 218 ± 1 GE mM/kg dry mass, and 286 ±12 QE mM/kg dry mass, determined using an oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay, a Folin Ciocalteu phenol assay, and a total flavonoids assay, respectively. Concentrations of 2.5-10.0 mg/ mL MOE could inhibit AGE-formation by 10-45%, and 100-1000 mg/L MOE reduced intracellular oxidative stress (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner in the DCFH-DA assay. However, MOE induced cytotoxicity at high doses (2000-3000 mg/L), as shown by the MTT assay. MOE significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of the HMG-CoAR, PPARα1, and PPARγ genes (P < 0.05). We concluded that M. oleifera could have benefits for human health by reducing oxidative stress and AGE formation. Moreover, M. oleifera may reduce cholesterol and lipid synthesis by suppression of HMG-CoAR, PPARα1, and PPARγ gene expression, thereby maintaining lipid homeostasis.
ABSTRACT. Anthocyanins, which are found in some food, including Thai black sticky rice, are reported to have health-promoting properties. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of many degenerative diseases induced by free radicals, such as cardiovascular disease, stroke and cancer. We evaluated the anthocyanin-rich extract (ARE) from Thai black sticky rice for antioxidative and antihyperlipidemic effects on HepG2 cells. Cell viability was investigated with the neutral red assay and the MTT assay, and oxidative stress was determined by the DCFH-DA assay. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the effect of ARE on LDLR, HMG-CoAR, PPAR (a1,g) and LXRa gene expression. We found that ARE at high doses (>800 mg/L) induces cytotoxicity. However, at 600-1000 mg/L it reduced intracellular oxidative stress (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner, and at 200 mg/L 2087 ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 9 (4): 2086-2095 (2010) Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effects of black rice it significantly enhanced the expression of the LDLR gene in HepG2 cells. We concluded that ARE can be beneficial for health promotion by reducing oxidative stress and enhancing LDL clearance, regulating LDLR production on the cell surface membrane, thereby maintaining lipid homeostasis.
ABSTRACT. Thunbergia laurifolia (TL) is widely used as an antidote in Thai traditional medicine against toxic substances such as alcohol, pesticides, arsenic, and strychnine. We found that the lyophilized form of TL in 80% ethanol possessed the antioxidant levels within the range 23,163.9 ± 1457.4 Trolox equivalents mM/kg dry mass and 899.8 ± 14.5 gallic acid equivalents mM/kg dry mass using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay and the Folin Ciocalteu phenol assay, respectively. TL extract (TLE) at a high dose (3000 mg/L) induced cytotoxicity according to the neutral red assay and the MTT assay. However, TLE doses of 800-3000 mg/L could reduce intracellular oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05) using the dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay. TLE significantly enhanced the mRNA expression of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and PPARg, but it significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of CYP3A7, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1 (P < 0.05) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, TLE could increase the activity of a multidrug transporter, P-glycoprotein, which accelerated the excretion of toxic substances from HepG2 cells. It is suggested that TLE may be beneficial for detoxification by reducing oxidative stress, minimizing toxicity by regulating the expression CYP450 mRNAs for suitable production of CYP450 isoenzymes, and increasing PPARg mRNA expression and P-glycoprotein activity in HepG2 cells, thereby maintaining xenobiotic biotransformation balance.
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