Performance and genetic divergence of tomato genotypes for industrial processingThe growth of the tomato market for industrial processing arouses the interest of national institutions and multinational companies of vegetable seeds in the development of new hybrids. The objective of the study was evaluate the performance and genetic divergence of tomato genotypes, with respect to fruit firmness, fruit maturation concentration, jointless, plant vigor, leaf cover of the fruit, plant healthiness, average yield per plant and soluble solids (°Brix). First, we evaluated 53 hybrids, three of them being controls and one of the controls being H9553, the most sown hybrid in Brazil. Only 12 genotypes and the commercial hybrid H9553 presented the necessary criteria for processing tomatoes, based on characteristics fruit firmness, concentration of fruit maturation and lack of peduncle retention index. Genotypes 1, 18 and 48 stood out for soluble solids, concentration of fruit maturation and fruit firmness, respectively. The genetic divergence and groupings reveals that genotypes 1 and 18 present dissimilarity from the other genotypes. While the first showed a higher average plant vigor, leaf cover of the fruit, plant sanity and °Brix, the second revealed a lower average fruit firmness, concentration of fruit maturation and °Brix. Hybrid 3, 6, 8, 14, 24, 37 and 48 showed genetic similarity with the commercial hybrid H9553, which characterizes them as potential for generating new hybrids with high productivity and quality and, consequently, with acceptability of the industrial tomato production chain. Additionally, due to their favorable characteristics, they can be used for further crosses with genotypes of other groups which also present favorable characteristics.
A mancha-bacteriana e a begomovirose são exemplos de doenças importantes em tomate para processamento industrial no Brasil em que a disponibilização de cultivares com resistência é extremamente desejável. No presente trabalho foram conduzidos três ensaios (2010 e 2011) para avaliar híbridos comerciais e experimentais de tomate para processamento industrial em campo, com ocorrência de begomovirose (ensaios 1 e 3) e de mancha-bacteriana (ensaios 2 e 3). O delineamento experimental em 2010 foi blocos ao acaso e, em 2011, blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas, cabendo à parcela a inoculação de Xanthomonas perforans e/ou X. gardneri (com e sem) e, à subparcela, os híbridos. A infecção por begomovírus foi natural. A severidade de ambas as doenças foi mensurada por atribuição visual de notas. Foi calculado a estimativa do efeito relativo de tratamento para severidade das doenças quando tomada em uma única avaliação (ensaios 1 e 2) e a Área Abaixo da Curva de Progresso da Mancha-bacteriana (AACPMab) para a severidade estimada em quatro datas (ensaio 3). Avaliou-se ainda a produtividade nos três ensaios. Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os híbridos em relação à severidade das doenças estudadas (três ensaios) e produtividade (ensaios 2 e 3). Os híbridos BRS Sena, HF1-50 e BQ-210 tiveram melhor comportamento em relação à begomovirose no ensaio 1. Para a mancha-bacteriana (ensaio 2), sete híbridos tiveram estimativa do efeito relativo (ER) de tratamento inferior a 0,50, porém com muita sobreposição entre os intervalos de confiança. A produtividade variou de 33,7 (BQ 145) a 56,5 t/ha (BRS Sena). No ensaio 3, o híbrido BRS Sena novamente colocou-se entre os materiais com melhor desempenho para begomovirose, enquanto, em conjunto com os híbridos CVR 54, BA 5446 e HMX 7889, apresentou AACPMab significativamente menor que os materiais mais suscetíveis. Em seis híbridos a mancha-bacteriana reduziu significativamente (41,4% em média) a produtividade, que variou de 95,8 (AP 533) a 138,0 t/ha (BA 5446).
Chili pepper has economic importance and is the dominant Solanaceae in the market of spicy spices. Among the pathogens that affect this crop, Meloidogyne enterolobii is one of the most important because it presents a wide range of hosts and there are no resistance genes identified that are efficient against this species. The present study aimed to evaluate the reaction of chili pepper genotypes (Capsicum spp.) to M. enterolobii in order to identifify genetic resistance. Three experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design under greenhouse conditions: Experiment I, with 53 genotypes with ten replications; Experiment II, with twenty genotypes with ten replications; Experiment III in a 16 × 4 factorial scheme, with sixteen Capsicum spp. genotypes and four inoculum concentrations of M. enterolobii and eight replications. Inoculation was performed seven days after transplanting the Capsicum spp. seedlings into 2L plastic bags filled with sterilized soil and sand (2:1), using 4,000 eggs + J2/plant. Ninety days after inoculation (DAI) (Experiments I and II) and 60 DAI (Experiment III) nematode population density, reproduction factor (RF), fresh root mass, egg mass index (EMI) and gall index (GI) were evaluated. Genotypes with RF < 1.0 were considered resistant according to Oostenbrink (1966). Thirty one genotypes of Capsicum spp. showed resistance to M. enterolobii with RF ranging from 0.87 to 0.08. Seventeen resistant genotypes of C. chinensis presented RF lower than 0.85, ten genotypes of C. annuum had the RF lower than 0.75, three genotypes of C. frutescens had the RF lower than 0.87 and only one genotype of C. baccatum was resistant to M. enterolobii, presenting RF = 0.6. EMI and GI weren’t considered reliable variables to determine resistance and susceptibility. Fourteen genotypes rated as resistant in Experiments I and II were submitted to increasing concentrations of inoculum and, nevertheless, remained resistant.
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