The effect of beverages prepared from the dried calyx of the flowers of Hibiscus sabdariffa on the excretion of diclofenac was investigated using a controlled study in healthy human volunteers. A high pressure liquid chromatographic method was used to analyse the 8 h urine samples collected after the administration of diclofenac with 300 mL (equivalent to 8.18 mg anthocyanins) of the beverage administered daily for 3 days. An unpaired two-tailed t-test was used to analyse for significant difference observed in the amount of diclofenac excreted before and after administration of the beverage.There was a reduction in the amount of diclofenac excreted and the wide variability observed in the control with the water beverage of Hibiscus sabdariffa (p < < < < < 0.05). There is an increasing need to counsel patients against the use of plant beverages with drugs.
Theoretically, democracy and political unrest are inversely related. Practically, however, political unrest is becoming a recurring occurrence in some democracies. This contradictory feature of contemporary human society informs the attempt made by this study to explain the nexus between “godfatherism,” patrimonialism, and election on one hand; and the impact these have on enduring unrest in the Nigerian political system. The study, using the elite consensus or group cohesion typology as a framework of analysis and mixed research methods, explained the inevitability of “godfatherism” in the Nigerian political space and the impact their unregulated engagements have, alongside the fragile nature of the Nigerian state on political unrest in the Fourth Republic. Having established the foundations of recurring political unrest, the study calls for a wide range of reform in the political, economic, media, and civil society space and further entrenchment of democratic ethos through purposeful political education of citizens.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.