We revive Heisenberg's approach to multiparticle production in the context of soft-pion emission in heavy-ion collisions. Adopting appropriate boundary conditions, we find a general analytic solution of the classical equations of motion for the nonlinear a model (for soft pions this model is an approximation to QCD). T h e solution is used to discuss various features of soft pion production in nuclear collisions. PACS number(s): 25.75.i-r, 1 1 . 4 0 . F~. 13.85.Ni
A thorough discussion of the statistical ensemble of scale-free connected random tree graphs is presented. Methods borrowed from field theory are used to define the ensemble and to study analytically its properties. The ensemble is characterized by two global parameters, the fractal and the spectral dimensions, which are explicitly calculated. It is discussed in detail how the geometry of the graphs varies when the weights of the nodes are modified. The stability of the scale-free regime is also considered: when it breaks down, either a scale is spontaneously generated or else, a "singular" node appears and the graphs become crumpled. A new computer algorithm to generate these random graphs is proposed. Possible generalizations are also discussed. In particular, more general ensembles are defined along the same lines and the computer algorithm is extended to arbitrary (degenerate) scale-free random graphs.
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