Modifications of neurobehavioral activities related to single episodes of consumption of different doses of bee honey were examined in rats under conditions of the hole-board (HB) test (to evaluate the level of anxiety) and open-field (OF) test (where the intensities of locomotion, rearing, and grooming were measured). Animals of all subgroups had free access to normal saline, while rats of the three experimental subgroups consumed bee honey in the doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g per 1 kg body mass (in the form of 10, 20, and 40% solutions, respectively). Among the doses tested, only higher ones induced considerable changes in the behavioral indices. The highest dose (2.0 g/kg) provided a more than twofold increase in the number of examined holes in the HB test; in the OF test, it also increased the numbers of crossed squares, rearings and grooming episodes by 30, 37, and 164%, respectively. Thus, our experiments demonstrated rather significant ability of the natural product tested to relieve anxiety and intensify motor, research/orientational, and grooming aspects of behavior even upon single acts of consumption. Possible neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the behavioral modifications observed are discussed.
Medroxyprogesterone acetate is the most commonly used progestin component of hormone therapy. The goal of the present study was to determine whether Medroxyprogesterone affects rat behavior using a Y-maze test. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were randomly selected into three groups; control group, a low dose (13 mg/ml MPA) group and a high dose (33 mg/1 ml MPA) group. Doses of Medroxyprogesterone were delivered by intramuscular injection for a period of 3 weeks. Medroxyprogesterone administration resulted in a decrease in memory and locomotion activity of rats (p < 0.05). Despite Medroxyprogesterone being effective in modulating hormonal interaction to prevent conception in actively reproducing females, cognitive impairment could be one of its adverse effects.
BACKGROUND: Night-time study is a routine practice exhibited by public university and college students in Nigeria most especially before and during end of semester examination period. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: We investigated the impact of pre-examination night-time study frequency on sleep pattern, peripheral oxygen saturation (SPO2) and anthropometrical indices in age-matched Nigerian female students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 60 age-matched female subjects who emerged from simple random sampling were classed into irregular and regular night study groups using Visual Analogue Scale Questionnaire. Measurements of SPO2, pulse rate (PR), weight and height were done using pulse oximeter, weighing scale and meter rule respectively. Insomnia index (IN) and Day-time Sleepiness Indices (DS) were determined using sleep quality scale. RESULTS: Regular night-time study has no significant effect (P<0.05) on SPO2, PR and DS when compared with irregular night-time study group. However, students who reported regular night-time study exhibited significantly higher (P<0.05) IN, body weight and body mass index (BMI) when compared with irregular night-time study group. There was a positive correlation between IN and BMI (r=0.269, P<0.05). Pulse rate also negative correlated with SPO2 (r=-0.280, P<0.05) and BMI (r=-0.342, P<0.05). Pulse rate also negative correlated with SPO2 (r=-0.280, P<0.05) and BMI (r=-0.342, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicated that female students undergoing regular night-time study prior to examination exhibited higher body weight, body mass index and insomnia index.
Introduction: The World Health Organization estimates that about 25 million pregnant mothers are currently at risk for malaria, and that malaria accounts for over 10,000 maternal and 200,000 neonatal deaths per year. The current hypothesis of early life programming supports the premise that many developmental delay and disorders may have their origin In-utero. Therefore, the current study aimed at evaluating the possible impact of experimental malaria exposure In-utero on neurobehavioral profile in mice offspring. Methods: Pregnant mice were intraperitoneally infected on gestational day 13 with 1.02×10 5 infected red blood cells. Pregnant mice (both infected and uninfected) were allowed to deliver and the offspring were monitored up to postnatal day 42 when anxiety-like, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and locomotor activity were evaluated using elevated plus maze, marble burying, and Open Field Test, respectively. Results: The current study showed that maternal infection with Plasmodium berghei resulted in an interesting behavior in offspring characterized by increased anxiety-like and OCD behaviors. Locomotor activity was however not affected. Conclusion: It may be concluded that In-utero exposure to experimental malaria in mice causes behavioral changes.
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of an aqueous extract produced from Fadogia agrestis (family Rubiaceae) stem bark were investigated using animal models. Significant dose-dependent increases in the reaction time in the tail-flick test and inhibition of writhing in the visceral pain test (i.p. injections of acetic acid) with P up to < 0.001, when compared with the control, were observed. In an anti-inflammatory investigation, we also found significant dose-dependent inhibitions in the carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton-pellet granuloma tests. The extract in the highest non-sedative dose tested (200 mg/kg) demonstrated a potency comparable with that of a reference analgesic anti-inflammatory drug, acetyl salicylate (Aspirin, 100 mg/kg). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids and saponins in the extract. The relieving effects of Fadogia are probably mediated by the influences of active components of the extract on both central and peripheral nociceptive/ antinociceptive neural mechanisms. Therefore, our investigation explains the rationale behind the ethnomedicinal usage of the mentioned plant to relieve pain and inflammation, as claimed by local users, and shows that further studies of the mechanisms underlying the effects of the remedy tested are expedient.
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