This paper iticludes the findings of an experitnental study on instabilities of the chip formation process during end milling ofTi6Al4V alloy and the infiuence of these instabilities on chatter formation. It has been identified that the chip formation process has a discrete nature, associated with the periodic shearing process during machining. The chip formed during machining of titanium alloy TÍ6A14V is found to be mainly with primary serrated teeth appearing in the main body of the chip. Secondary .serrated teeth resulting from the coagulation of a certctin number of primary serrated teeth also happen to appear at the free or constrained edge of the chip, especially when the .nstetn enters into chatter. In order to identify the interaction of these chip instabilities with the prominent natural vibration of the machine tools system components, the different mode frequencies of the vibrating components of the system have been identified using experimental atid finite eletnent modal atialyses, and vibration responses during actual cutting have also been recorded using an online vibration tnonitoring system. The vibration signals in frequency domain (fast Fourier transform) have been atiahzed to identify the chatter frequencies and the peak amplitude values. Chatter was found to occur at two domitiant mode frequencies of the spindle. These mode frequencies at which chatter occurred have been compared with the chip serration frequencies in a wide cutting speed range for different conditions of cutting. It has been concluded from these findings that chatter occurs during end milling due to the resonance of the machine tools system component when the frequeticy of primary .serrated teeth formation is approximately equal to the "prominent natural frequency" modes of the system components, which are the two mode frequencies of the VMC machine spitidle in this particular case.

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Problem statement: Chip shape and size varied widely in machining operations. Undesirable chip formation had a detrimental effect on surface finish, work-piece accuracy, chatter and tool life. Approach: This study included the findings of an experimental study on the instabilities of the chip formation and development of a mathematical model based on statistical approach for the prediction of the instability of chip formation during the machining of medium carbon steel (S45C). Results: It has been identified that the chip formation process has a discrete nature, associated with the periodic shearing process of the chip. Typical instabilities of periodic nature, in the form of primary and secondary saw/serrated teeth, which appear at the main body and free edge of the chip respectively, have been identified. Mechanisms of formation of these teeth have been studied and the frequencies of their formation have been determined under various machining conditions. Small Central composite design was employed in developing the chip serration frequency model in relation to primary cutting parameters by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Conclusion/Recommendations: The mathematical model for the chip serration frequency has been developed, in terms input cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed and depth of cut) in end milling of S45C steel using TiN inserts under full immersion. The adequacy of the predictive model was verified using ANOVA at 95% confidence level.

This paper presents an approach to optimize the surface finish in end milling titanium-alloy of Ti-6Al-4V using uncoated WC-Co and PCD inserts under dry conditions. Response surface methodology is utilized to develop an efficient mathematical model for surface roughness in terms of cutting speed, feed and axial depth of cut. For this purpose, a number of machining experiments based on factorial design of experiments method are carried out in order to determine surface roughness values. The 3FI surface roughness models have been developed at 95% confidence interval for both the inserts. The adequacy of the models has been verified by analyzing the variance.

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Chatter phenomenon is a major issue as it greatly affects the topography of machined parts. Due to the inconsistent character of chatter, it is extremely difficult to predict resultant surface roughness in a machining process, such as end milling. Also, recent studies have shown that chatter can be suitably damped using magnetic fields. This paper, thus, focuses on a novel approach of minimizing surface roughness in end milling of Mild (Low Carbon) Steel using uncoated WC-Co inserts under magnetic field from permanent magnets. In this experiment, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach using DESIGN EXPERT 6.0 (DOE) software was used to design the experiments. The experiments were performed under two different cutting conditions. The first one was cutting under normal conditions, while the other was cutting under the application of magnetic fields from two permanent magnets positioned on opposite sides of the cutter. Surface roughness was measured using Mitutoyo SURFTEST SV-500 profilometer. The subsequent analysis showed that surface roughness was significantly reduced (by as much as 67.21%) when machining was done under the influence of magnetic field. The experimental results were then used to develop a second order empirical mathematical model equation for surface roughness and validated to 95% confidence level by using ANOVA. Finally, desirability function approach was used to optimize the surface roughness within the limiting values attainable in end milling.

The paper presents a systematic procedure and details of the use of experimental and analytical modal analysis technique for structural dynamic evaluation processes of a vertical machining centre. The main results deal with assessment of the mode shape of the different components of the vertical machining centre. The simplified experimental modal analysis of different components of milling machine was carried out. This model of the different machine tool's structure is made by design software and analyzed by finite element simulation using ABAQUS software to extract the different theoretical mode shape of the components. The model is evaluated and corrected with experimental results by modal testing of the machine components in which the natural frequencies and the shape of vibration modes are analyzed. The analysis resulted in determination of the direction of the maximal compliance of a particular machine component.