The purpose of the research was to study the frequency of erythrocyte antigens of 9 genetic systems, the number of genotypes and the frequency of alleles in the F-V system in sires of four breeds at the OAO “Barnaulskoe” Bull stud, as well as to establish indices of genetic similarity between them. The characteristics of 138 sires of Black-and-White breed, 103 of Red-and-White, 106 of Simmental and 270 sires of red breeds have been given. 53 antiserums were used in the tests. The high occurrence of blood factors A₂ (system A), B₂, G₂, O₁, Y₂, G’, O’ and Q’ (system B), C₂, E, W, X₂ (system C), H’ (system S) and Z (system Z) in sures of all four breeds ranged from 0,204 (O’ in sires of Red-and-White breed) to 0,825 (X₂ in the same breed). The frequency of the F antigen in all breeds was maximal and varied from 0,874 in sires of Red-and-White breed to 0,981 in sires of red breeds. On the contrary, the occurrence of blood factors B₁, I₁, I₂, P₁, P₂, Q, T₁, T₂, I’, J₂’, K’, P₁’, Y’, B” and R₁ was significantly lower and amounted to 0–0,130 in sires of Black-and–White breed, 0–0,087 in sires of Red-and-White breed, 0–0,094 in Simmental sires and 0,004–0,137 in sires of Red breeds. Sires of red breeds had all 53 antigens, Black-and-White sires did not have 8, Red-and-White sires did not have 11, and Simmental sires did not have 9 blood factors. There were no significant differences in the value of the genetic similarity index between the animals of the four breeds. However, there was a tendency to increase the similarity between the sires of Black-and-White and Simmental breeds on the one hand and the sires Red-and-White breed on the other (r=0,8837 and 0,8765). The least close breeds are Red-and-White and Simmental on the one hand and Red breeds on the other (r=0,8613 and 0,8585). This is also indicated by the occurrence of genotypes and alleles in the F-V genetic system. Thus, significant differences in the number of all genotypes and frequencies of alleles were revealed between sires of Simmental and Red breeds.
The characteristic of milk productivity of cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” in the Maslyaninsky district in the Novosibirsk region has been given. It has been revealed that under the natural and climatic environments of the Western Siberia, when creating favorable conditions for feeding and housing for cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds have sufficiently high milk productivity. It has been found that Holstein first-calf heifers surpassed their Simmental herdmates by 959 kg in milk yield for the first 305 days of lactation under the same conditions of housing and feeding, by 3,1 kg in daily milk yield, by 38,2 kg in milk fat yield, and by 28,3 kg in milk protein yield (P < 0,001). There were no statistically significant differences between animals of Holstein and Simmental breeds in terms of fat and protein content in milk, which amounted to 3,94 and 2,96 % in Holstein breed and 3,97 and 2,98 % in Simmental breed, respectively. Both breeds have shown high milk productivity during the first 3 lactations. Thus, the milk yield of Holstein cows for the first 3 lactation was 6475–9290 kg, Simmental cows it was 5516–7680 kg, fat content was 3,93–3,99 and 3,96–3,97 %, respectively. The protein content in the milk of cows of both breeds did not exceed 3,0 %. High variability has been found in milk yield, yield of milk fat and protein, the coefficient of milk content and duration of lactation, the lowest in the content of protein and fat in milk and live weight. The correlation coefficients between the fat and protein content in milk were generally positive, but did not exceed 0,28. Therefore, breeding in the herd of cows in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” have to be conducted not only by fat content, but also by protein content in milk.
Farm animals’ growth, development and realization of productive qualities are closely interrelated by enzymatic transformations of amino acids, proteins and other complex nitrogenous compounds. Aspartate aminotransferase (AsT) is involved in the metabolism of amino acids in the cycles of urea, tricarboxylic acids and gluconeogenesis. The level of AsT in the blood depends on many paratypical and genetic factors. The paper presents the results of a biochemical analysis of the AsT content in the blood serum of Holstein bulls aged 12-13 months, who are descendants of 4 breeding bulls. Blood sampling was carried out in animals with a live weight of 330-365 kg, bred in the conditions of a large livestock enterprise located in Western Siberia. The level of AsT in the blood serum of animals was determined by the Reitman-Frenkel colourimetric method using reagents “Transaminase AsT Novo” (manufacturer “Vector-Best” Russia). It was found that the average value of the AsT content in the groups of sons was lower than the generally accepted physiological norm and, for all descendants, was 22.44 ± 1.29 E/l. The reference interval for AsT based on the central 95% percentile with 90% confidence intervals was 12.29 (8.67...15.91) - 34.84(31.2... 38.5) E/l. The descendants of different fathers had different phenotypic variability of the indicator and differed in the level of AST. Thus, the descendants of the bull-producer Brio were characterized by a higher level compared to the sons of the bulls Malstrem and Fabio by 1.69 and 1.8 times, respectively. The revealed differences indicate the hereditary determination of the AsT level in Holstein cattle. The strength of the influence of the father’s factor was 0.18.
The presented results expand the understanding of the normal chemical composition of the body. The study was carried out on the basis of a pig-breeding farm in the Altai Territory in 2016-2020 on clinically healthy 6-month-old pigs of the Landrace breed. Chemical analysis of pig bristles was performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The data were processed using Statistica 8 software (StatSoft Inc., USA). A study of the correlations between phosphorus in bristles and other macro-, microelements, as well as chemical elements associated with phosphorus, has been carried out. Only positive connections of different strengths have been established between phosphorus and elements involved in the formation of bone tissue (calcium, magnesium, manganese), copper, iron and strontium. There are two groups of direct interactions of different strengths between the chemical elements associated with phosphorus. Explained supposedly the essence of the connections, which is consistent in the bristle, as the final site of exchange, with organs and tissues of mammals.
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