These findings indicated that healthy colony cats and pet cats have high numbers of bacteria in the duodenum, including high numbers of obligate anaerobes. Our findings also suggest that bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine is not a common clinical syndrome in cats with chronic nonobstructive gastrointestinal tract disease.
Disc sensitivity tests were carried out on 2296 isolates of non‐pigmented, coagulase‐positive staphylococcal isolates from dogs in referral practice over the period 1980–96. Ninety‐eight isolates were from the ears, 1089 from other skin regions and 37 from mucosae. Resistance to penicillin increased from 69.0 to 89.3%. Oxytetracycline resistance remained at about 40%; resistance to erythromycin and lincomycin, and to co‐trimoxazole peaked at about 20 and 15%, respectively, in 1987–89 but has since fallen. Only a single isolate resistant to cephalexin was found between 1986 and 1996. No resistance to co‐amoxyclav, oxacillin, methicillin and enrofloxacin was demonstrated. Resistance of mucosal isolates was higher than those from skin. Multiple isolates from 90 dogs showed different resistance spectra in 56% of cases indicating that single swab samples are of limited value in determining optimal therapeutic antibiotics. Resumé 2296 souches de staphylocoques coagulase positifs, isolées á partir de chiens présentés en consultation référée entre 1980 et 1996, subirent des tests de sensibilité sur disques. 98 souches étaient d'origine auriculaire, 1098 d'autres origines cutanées, et 37 d'origine muqueuse. La résistance á la pénicilline augmenta de 69, 0 á 89, 3 pour cent. La résistance a l'oxytetracyline resta stable á environ 40 pour cent; les résistances á l'erythromycine et á la lincomycine, et au co‐trimoxazole atteignirent 20 pour cent et 15 pour cent respectivement de 1987 á 1989 mais baissèrent ensuite. Une seule souche resistante á la cephalexine fut isolée entre 1986 et 1996. Aucune résistance á l'amoxycilline‐acide clavulanique, Foxacilline, la methicilline, et l'enrofloxacine se fürent découvertes. Les résistances des souches d'origine muqueuse étaient plus nombreuses que celles des souches d'origine cutaneé. Des souches isolées par prelevement multiples chez 90 chiens montraient des spectres de résistance différents dans 56 pour cent des cas ce qui montre que des écouvillonages uniques ont un interèt limité pour le choix de la meilleure antibiotherapie. [Lloyd, D.H., Lamport, A.I., Feeney, C. Sensitivity to antibiotics amongst cutaneous and mucosal isolates of canine pathogenic staphyloccoci in the United Kingdom, 1980–96 (Antibiosensibilité de souches de staphylocoques pathogènes canins d'origines cutanee et muqueuse au Royaume Uni de 1980 a 1996). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7: 171–175.] Resumen A continuación el autor describe como discos de antibiograma fueron utilizados en 2.296 aislamientos caninos de no pigmentados estafilococos coagulasa positiva durante el periodo de 1980 a 1996; 98 aislamientos a partir del oido, 1098 de otras partes de la piel y 37 de mucosas. Se observó que las resistencias a la penicilina aumentaron de 69, 0 a 89,3 por ciento; a la oxitetraciclina permanecieron constantes, alrededor del 40 por ciento. Con respecto a la eritromicina y lincomicina asi como al cotrimoxazol, el nivel de resistencias alcanzó un pico máximo de alrededor 20 y 15 por ciento respectivamente ...
CHLORHEXIDINE is well recognised as a potent antimicrobial agent of value in both human and veterinary medicine (reviewed by Lemarie and Hosgood 1995, Carlotti and Maffart 1996). In dogs, studies have examined the efficacy of chlorhexidine preparations in wound lavage and in the preparation of skin for surgery (Zimmerman 1990, Swaim and others 1991, Lozier and others 1992), and chlorhexidine shampoo has been compared for its antimicrobial activity with shampoos containing other antimicrobial agents (Kwochka and Kowalski 1991). However, little is known of the activity of different formulations of chlorhexidine available for use on canine skin. This communication reports the results of in vitro studies that compared the rate of killing among four canine chlorhexidine shampoos. Six canine isolates each of Staphylococcus intermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Malassezia pachydermatis were tested against four shampoos varying from 2 to 4 per cent in chlorhexidine concentration (Table 1). The test method was essentially as described by Lloyd and others (1998). Isolates were grown in brain heart infusion broth (Oxoid CM225) or, for M pachydermatis, on modified Dixon's agar (Bond and others 1994) and suspended in Mueller Hinton broth (Oxoid CM405B) at 1057colony-forming units (cfu)/ml. Twenty ,ul of each was added to 2 ml of a 1/5 or 1/25 dilution of shampoo in saline and held at approximately 21°C. Aliquots were removed after one, two, four, eight, 16 and 30 minutes, plated on blood agar or modified Dixon's agar, and colonies counted References BOND, R., COLLIN, N. S. & LLOYD, D. H. (1994) Use of contact plates for the quantitative culture of Malassezia pachydermatis from canine skin.
Staphylococcus aureus is reported as the predominant feline staphylococcal pathogen. There is concern that cats may transfer resistant staphylococci to humans. In this study, staphylococci were obtained from skin and mucosae of 20 domestic cats, 9 with lesions, and 10 healthy feral cats. Species were identi®ed by DNase and API ID32 Staph tests. Of 187 isolates, 21.4% were coagulase-positive and predominately from lesional cats; 90% of these were Staphylococcus intermedius. Coagulase-negative species were isolated equally in all three groups. All isolates were susceptible to coamoxiclav, cephalexin and bacitracin. Twenty-two, including 18 coagulase-negative isolates, showed some resistance to cotrimoxazole, lincomycin, enro¯oxacin or oxytetracycline. Two isolates were resistant to more than one antibiotic. More resistant isolates were obtained from feral cats (P 5 0.01). The results suggest that S. intermedius is the principal coagulase-positive species. Antibiotic resistance is generally low amongst feline staphylococci. Higher resistance amongst feral cats suggests exposure to environmental antibiotics.
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