Maize leaf blight disease caused by Bipolaris maydis can attack maize plants in the vegetative and generative phases and it can reduce yield up to 70%. Biological control of plant pest and diseases by using separately or combined with natural material will be more efficient, because it is easy to obtain, it's cheap and environmentally friendly. The objective of the research was to obtain the combination of B. subtilis formulation with botanical pesticide to control leaf blight disease in maize. The research was conducted on February to June 2016. Inhibition test of botanical pesticide to B. maydis in vitro was conducted in Pathology Laboratory at ICERI, Maros, South Sulawesi, with complete randomized design and 4 replications. Effectiveness test of combination B. subtilis formulation and botanical pesticide to leaf blight disease was conducted in Bajeng Farm Experiment, Gowa Regency South Sulawesi, which was randomized block design on eight treatments for each with 3 replications. In vitro test, clove leaf extract treatment was better in suppressing B. maydis. In the field testing, the application of B. subtilis BNt8 formulation which was combined with the clove leaf extract also was better in suppressing development of leaf blight disease and increased the yield. The application of B. subtilis BNt8 formulation suppressed the leaf blight disease by up to 13% and potential to increase yield up to 26%.
Correlation of stomata density to rust severity on some accessions of maize germplasm.Rust is an important disease on maize. Control of rust using resistant varieties is recommended because it is more practical and environmental friendly. This research aimed to study the correlation of stomata density to rust severity on the several maize germplasm accessions. The research was conducted in Bontobili Farm Experimental Station and ICERI Pathology Laboratory. As much as 30 corn germplasm accessions and 2 varieties for comparison (Bima 10 and Anoman) were planted by spacing 20 x 70 cm. The inoculation of Puccinia sp. was allowed to occur naturally. Stomata printing was conducted with painted the lower part of corn leaf with nail polish transparent. After drying, it was pasted with clear isolation and then it was pulled and saved on glass object. Observed parameters were rust severity on the age of 50, 60, 70 days after planting and density of stomata. Results of the experiment showed that disease severity of germplasm accession number 2, 218 and 243 were not significant with comparison (tolerant variety). Germplasm with accession number 234 was categorized tolerant to rust. The rust infection rate on all accession were categorized by mild to moderate. Density of stomata of each maize germplasm accession was significantly correlated with rust severity, the increase of stomata density could increase of rust severity at 0.73%. ABSTRAKKorelasi kepadatan stomata dengan keparahan penyakit karat pada beberapa aksesi plasma nutfah jagung. Penyakit karat merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada jagung. Pengendalian penyakit karat menggunakan varietas tahan dianjurkan karena lebih praktis dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari hubungan kerapatan stomata dengan tingkat keparahan penyakit karat pada beberapa aksesi plasma nutfah jagung. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Bontobili dan Laboratorium Penyakit Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia. Sebanyak 30 aksesi plasma nutfah jagung dan 2 varietas untuk perbandingan (Bima 10 dan Anoman) ditanam dengan jarak 20 x 70 cm. Inokulasi Puccinia sp. terjadi secara alami. Pencetakan stomata dilakukan dengan mengecat daun bagian bawah menggunakan cat kuku transparan. Setelah kering ditempelkan isolasi bening kemudian ditarik dan disimpan pada objek gelas. Parameter yang diamati adalah tingkat keparahan penyakit karat pada umur 50, 60, 70 hari setelah tanam dan kepadatan stomata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aksesi plasma nutfah jagung 2, 218 dan 243 memiliki tingkat keparahan penyakit karat tidak berbeda nyata dengan varietas pembanding tahan. Plasma nutfah dengan nomor aksesi 243 dikategorikan tahan terhadap penyakit karat. Tingkat infeksi penyakit karat pada semua aksesi dikategorikan ringan hingga sedang. Kepadatan stomata dari setiap aksesi plasma nutfah jagung secara signifikan berkorelasi dengan keparahan penyakit karat, peningkatan kepadatan stomata dapat meningkatkan keparahan karat pada 0,73%.Kata kunci: kerapatan penyakit karat, kerapatan ...
Waxy corn is consumed as a fresh cob like sweet corn. The kernel is glutinous and has good taste due to the low content of amylose, less than 10.0%. The yield of waxy corn is commonly low, between 2.0-3.0 t/ha, but it is early maturing, harvested at 85 days after seeding (DAS). The cob yield had been purposedly improved through the intra population of S1 families selection. Nine genotypes were chosen to be evaluated to select the best population, adaptive under low elevation land condition in the corn production areas. The aims of this research were to identify waxy corn population having good yield stability and above average yield over all locations. Randomized complete block design with four replications was used for the experiment conducted in five districts in the main corn production areas, namely Maros, Polman, Manado, Probolinggo, Pakanbaru during the dry and wet seasons of 2011. The plant spacing was 75 cm x 20 cm, one plant per hill. Each genotype was planted 5.0 m long of four rows, and fertilized with Urea, SP36 and KCl (300-200-100) kg/ha. There was significant effect of interaction between genotypes x environments x seasons (g x e x s) and the yield increased in accordance with the better quality of the environmets (b>1.0). Population PMS-D (Pulut Muneng Synthetics), with the dent grain type, produced 5.56 t/ha and 5.82 t/ha, each under wet and dry season, or 17.0% more than that of local check variety (PH). Simple correlation analysis between yield of PMS-D, and the yield components, were found significant for grain yield with ears weight, number of grains per ear, and 1000 grain weight. There were no significant correlation between yield with amylose, carbohydrate, protein and fat content. The plant habitus was scored one on plant aspect, husk cover, and ear aspect. The position of ear was on the middle of plant height, flowering in 45 days. The best population PMS-D was promising as a candidate for new improved open pollinated variety, that could replace the low yield of local waxy variety.
<p align="center">ABSTRAK</p><p>Jagung antioksidan mengandung beta karoten pada endosperm yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan, antara lain dapat mencegah buta dini (rabun/katarak), kerontokan rambut, memperkuat jaringan tubuh, dan mencegah gizi buruk pada anak balita. Kementerian Pertanian telah melepas tiga varietas jagung antioksidan kaya beta karoten, dua dari jenis bersari bebas (varietas Provit A1 dan Provit A2) dan satu dari jenis hibrida (varietas Bima Provit A1) masing-masing dengan kadar beta karoten 155,3-281,6% lebih tinggi dari jagung biasa. Potensi hasil jenis bersari bebas dapat mencapai 7,36 t/ha dan jenis hibrida 9,85 t/ha. Budi daya jagung antioksidan sama dengan jagung biasa. Aspek yang perlu mendapat perhatian adalah isolasi jarak tanaman, minimal 300 m, dan isolasi waktu tanam 3 minggu setelah tanam dengan tanaman jagung biasa. Hal ini diperlukan untuk menghindari xenia effect, yaitu pengaruh tepungsari jagung biasa yang menyerbuki jagung antioksidan sehingga kadar antioksidannya akan menurun dan statusnya kembali sama dengan jagung biasa. Hasil panen dapat dijadikan bahan baku industry berbagai makanan olahan bergizi tinggi. Pengembangan jagung antioksidan, terutama di Kawasan Timur Indonesia perlu peran pemerintah setempat dalam upaya mempercepat adopsi oleh petani.</p><p>Kata kunci: Jagung, antioksidan, beta karoten, pangan fungsional</p><br /><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center">ABSTRACT</p><p>Antioxidant maize contains beta carotene in the endosperm that is beneficial for health, such as can prevent early blindness (blindness / cataract), hair loss, strengthen body tissues, and prevent malnutrition in children under five. The Ministry of Agriculture has released three varieties of beta-carotene-rich antioxidant maize, two of the free-range (Provit A1 and Provit A2) varieties and one of the hybrid varieties (Bima Provit A1) each with carotene beta levels of 155.3 to 236.6 % higher than ordinary corn. The potential of free pollen type yield can reach 7.36 t / ha and hybrid type 9.85 t / ha. The cultivation of antioxidant corn is the same as ordinary corn. Aspects that need attention are isolation of plant spacing, at least 300 m, and isolation of planting time 3 weeks after planting with ordinary corn crops. This is necessary to avoid the xenia effect, which is the effect of ordinary corn corn that pollinate antioxidant corn so that its antioxidant levels will decrease and its status is the same as ordinary corn. Yields can be used as industrial raw materials of various highly processed nutritious foods. Development of antioxidant maize, especially in Eastern Indonesia needs the role of local government in an effort to accelerate adoption by farmers.</p><p>Keywords: Maize, antioxidant, beta caroten, functional food.</p>
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