Triplane fractures of the proximal tibia are less well known than the distal extremity. The diagnosis is based on a good analysis of X-rays and possibly CT images to better plan the management. The authors reports a triplane fracture of the proximal tibial in a 12 year old boy treated by closed reduction and internal fixation. To our knowledge, only a dozen cases have been reported in the literature with generally a good evolution of the fracture.
proteinuria in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN) and even in those resistant to steroids or other immunosuppressants. Likewise, in passive Heymann's nephritis (PHN), a rat model of MN, ACTH and other non-steroidogenic melanocortins are able to ameliorate glomerular injury and proteinuria. However, the type of melanocortin receptor (MCR) mediating this beneficial effect as well as the underlying mechanism remains controversial. To this end, while humoral immune responses, marked by immunological remission of the anti-PLA2R autoantibody, have been noted in most MN patients after ACTH monotherapy, a direct podocyte protective effect of melanocortins possibly conveyed by MC1R has been suggested in animal models. This study aims to define the role of MC1R in the pathogenesis of PHN and in responding to melanocortin therapy. Methods: MC1R knockout rats (MC1R -/-) were generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system, and together with wild-type (WT) rats, received sheep anti-Fx1A antibody injections to develop PHN. Two weeks later, in the autologous phase of PHN, rats were treated with an equal dose (0.7 mmol/kg/d, q.d., s.c.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.