Twenty-four crossbred ram lambs (1/2 Finnish Landrace ×1/2 Rahmani) aged 3-4 months and averaged 22.25±0.93 kg live body weight were randomly divided into three treatments (8 lambs in each) according to their live body weight. The experimental period lasted 6 months from May to October 2015. Ram lambs were orally treated with 0 (control), 1 (T1) and 2 (T2) mg rocket oil (RO)/kg LBW. Growth performance, puberty and semen characteristics of ram lambs, some blood parameters and economic efficiency were estimated. The results showed that final LBW of ram lambs at puberty increased (P<0.05) in T2 and T1 as compared to control. Total weight gain increase (P<0.05) in T2 compared with control (18.22 vs.16.62 kg). Average daily gain was higher (P<0.05) in T2 than in T1 and control (161.2 vs. 125.6 and 112.3 g/d). Ram lambs of T2 expressed first ejaculate (puberty) 34.6 days earlier (P<0.05) than those in control. Scrotal circumference and testes volume increased (P<0.05) in T1 and T2 compared with in control. Semen quality (ejaculate volume, initial motility, live spermatozoa, sperm cell concentration and sperm output) was better (P<0.05) in T2 and T1 than in control. Serum total antioxidant capacity was higher (P<0.05) in T2 than in control and T1. Relative economic feed efficiency increased for T1 and T2 lambs (111 and 137%) compared with controls. It could be conclude that daily addition of 2 mg rocket oil (watercress oil)/kg live body weight of ram lambs could lead to earlier age at puberty, improvement in growth performance at puberty, higher reproductive ability and better economic feed efficiency of ram lambs.
he present work was conducted to study the effect of using two levels of dry fat (DF 3 and 5%) supplementation during pre-partum (three months before parturition) and after parturition period (six months after postpartum for Egyptian lactating buffalo-cows on nutritive values, nutrients digestibility, ruminal characteristics, milk yield and its composition, birth weight of their offspring, some reproductive parameters, some blood parameters and economic efficiency. Fifteen buffalo-cows (2-4 lactation seasons) in late pregnancy period were choosed to carry out this experiment. Animals were divided into three equal groups (5 buffaloes in each) and individually fed according to Kearl (1982). Concentrate feed mixture (CFM), berseem hay (BH) and rice straw (RS) were given to animals as a control ration without supplementation (C), while the other two groups received the control ration supplemented with DFat the levels of 3 and 5% dry protected fat as calcium salt of fatty acids (based on DM intake), respectively. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: Supplementing buffalo cows ration DF improved the digestibility of all nutrients (pre and post-partum) and nutritive value which recording: 55.91, 61.37 and 66.87%, TDN at 50 days and 58.40, 64.10 and 70.71%, TDN at 180 days for C, DF 3 and DF 5 , respectively; the respective values of DCP was 7.16, 7.47 and 8.04% for the pre-partum period and 7.32, 7.72 and 8.39% for the post-partum period), respectively. Dry fat treatment led to increases in both birth, weaning weights and total gain of calves, and the highest best weights were occurred with DF 5 . Actual milk yield was increased as 8.50, 9.30 and 10.50 kg/day for C, DF 3 and DF 5 , respectively and 7% -FCM yield on the same order were 7.92, 9.81 and 12.44 kg/day, with significant differences only due to the addition of DF 3 and DF 5 compared with C. Dry fat improved the blood contents of, total protein, globulin, and glucose and increased in total lipids, cholesterol and HDL. The periods required for fetal membrane expulsion was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in DF 3 (9.20 h) and DF 5 (7.15 h) groups when compared to the C group (10.12 h).Moreover, only C group showed a case of abortion and stillbirth, while treated buffalo -cows of DF delivered 100% healthy calves. Better feed and economic efficiencies were observed with animals fed supplemented DF 5 . Generally, from the obtained results could be concluded that the supplementation of DF at DF 3 and DF 5 levels for ration of Egyptian lactating buffalo cows had positive effects on nutritive value, digestibility calves birth weight and milk yield and composition, beside better feed efficiency and reproductive performance as well as improved economic efficiency. The best and the highest results were obtained with the addition of DF 5 .
Thirty-six Zaraibi doe goats of 3-5 years old and average live body weight (LBW) of 28.14±0.93kg were randomly distributed into three groups (12 doe goats in each) according to their LBW and reproductive status. The experimental period of does lasted for 12 months and buck treatment started two months before breeding season in September. Mating was carried out using twelve sexually mature fertile and tested bucks of 41.25±2.1 kg LBW and aged 24 months were divided into three groups receiving the same treatments of doe goats.Rocket oil (watercress oil) was received daily oral does at levels of 0, 1 and 2 mg/kg LBW for G1, G2 and G3, respectively. The results showed that the bucks in G3 showed the highest (P<0.05) scrotal circumferences (30.25 cm), followed by G2 (29.25 cm) and G1 (27.75 cm) at the end of experiment. Bucks in G3 showed the lowest (P<0.05) reaction time and abnormal sperm percentage and the highest (P<0.05) ejaculate volume, and percentages of sperm motility, and live sperm, as well as sperm concentration and total sperm output compared with G2 and G1. Fertility rate was 90, 100 and 100% for mated does and 75, 91.66 and 91.66% for all treated does in G1, G2 and G3, respectively (P<0.05). Litter size and sex ratio were the highest (P<0.05) in G3 and G2 compared with G1, while mortality rate was the lowest (P<0.05) in G3 (6.26%), followed by G2 (11.11%) and G1 (15.38%). Weaning weight, total gain and average daily gain of born kids were higher (P<0.05) in G3 than in G2 and G1. Average daily milk yield was higher (P<0.05) in G2 and G3 than in G1, being 1318 and 1426 vs. 1162 g, respectively. Percentage and yield of milk constituents were higher (P<0.05) in G2 and G3 than in G1. Only, concentration of serum albumin increased (P<0.05) with rocket oil additive as compared to G1, while the other blood parameters were insignificantly different among the experimental groups. Does in G3 showed the highest economic feed efficiency for milk production as compared to those in G2 and G1.
he present study aimed to investigate the effect of bacterial enzymes (ZAD) or effective microorganisms (EM) treated with rice straw on, digestibility, growth performance and economic efficiency of Ossimi sheep. Twenty four lambs (12 males and 12 females) were randomly divided into three groups where first group fed on ration consisted of (60% concentrate feed mixture (CFM) and 40% rice straw (RS) and served as control ration, and second group (R2) fed on (60% CFM and 40% RS+ZAD) and the third group (R3) fed on ration3 (60% CFM and 40% RS+EM).Results showed that both the ration included treated rice straw (R 2 and R 3 ) increased of CP, EE and Ash contents compared to non-treated rice straw ration (R 1 ). While CF content had the opposite trend. Control ration (R1 ) recorded the lowest of DM, OM, CP, EE, CF and NFE digestibilties compared to tested one which giving RS treated with ZAD or EM (R2 and R3). Also R2 and R3 had the highest values of TDN, DCP and DE compared to those of R1. Feed conversion of ratio was improved significantly (P<0.05) with ZAD or EM included rations (R2 and R3) compared with (R1). Blood parameters were positively affected by ZAD and EM ration. Growth performance (final weight, total gain and daily gain) were significant higher for both tested rations (R2&R3) than those of control one (R1). Also, economical efficiency of tested ration was markedly improved due to the inclusion treated rice straw in these rations.
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