Background: The traditional birth attendant delivers majority of pregnant women in Nigeria. Objective: This study aimed at determining the prevalence and associated risk factors for delivery of low birth weight (LBW) neonates in a Traditional Birth Home (TBH)in Benin City, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 780 pregnant women who received ante-natal care at a TBH and live singletons born to them were recruited for this study. Venous blood was collected from all pregnant women at onset of labour, and haemogblobin concentration determined using standard method. Results: The prevalence of low birth weight was 6.3%, and was significantly affected by maternal age (P =0.039), gestational age (P=0.019), maternal height (P = 0.001), marital status (P = 0.015), and time of registration (P = 0.016). Being in a polygamous union, was significantly associated with the prevalence of LBW (OR = 13.640; 95%CI: = 6.148, 30.261; P = < 0.0001). Maternal anaemia was identified as a risk factor for the delivering of LBW neonates (OR = 2.797; 95% CI = 1.555, 5.029; P = 0.0001).
Conclusion:The prevalence of low birth weight was 6.3%. Intervention by appropriate agencies is advocated to reduce LBW in TBHs in Nigeria.
Two experiments were completed to compare the supplemental effects of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and sub-therapeutic antibiotics in high-fibre and low-protein diets for broiler chicks. In experiment 1, yeast was added at 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 g kg-1 while penicillin, tylosin or neoterramycin were added at 150 mg kg-1 into different batches of a high-fibre diet containing 250 g kg-1 palm kernel meal. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and antibiotics increased BW, BWG, FCR, feed intake, carcass and breast weights above the control. Small intestine weight was reduced by antibiotics, while yeast caused a lower deposition of abdominal fat. Liver weights of different treated broilers were similar. The performance indices were superior on penicillin and 3.0 g kg-1 yeast compared to other supplements evaluated. In the second experiment, 1.5 and 3.0 g kg-1 of yeast, and 0.75 mg kg-1 of procaine penicillin, zinc bacitracin and tylosin were separately added to a 180 g kg-1 crude protein diet. Performance of the chicks with additives was compared with unsupplemented negative and positive controls containing 180 and 210 g kg-1 crude protein respectively. Broilers fed with supplements had superior BW, BWG, FCR and feed intake compared to the negative control, but carcass data were similar. Dietary penicillin increased BW, BWG, feed intake more than other supplements, but yeast stimulated higher FCR. Data from both studies indicated that Saccharomyces cerevisiae comparatively increased growth and carcass weight and reduce abdominal fat, therefore, it can serve as a natural substitute for antibiotics in broiler diet.
Onifade: Broiler chickens fed a high fibre diet with antibiotics or dried yeast Growth performance, carcass characteristics, organs measurement and haematology of broiler chickens fed a high fibre diet supplemented with antibiotics or dried yeast
A. A. OnifadeFour antibiotics, namely procaine penicillin, tylosin, streptomycin and neomycin-oxytetracycline each at 150 mp -kg-', and four levels of dried yeast, viz. 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.5 g * kg-were incorporated into a basal high fibre diet containing 250 g kg-' palm kernel meal. The unsupplemented diet was the control. The nine experimental diets were fed to broilers between 7 and 42 days of age to evaluate performance, carcass characteristics, organ weights and haematology in response to the supplements. The investigation revealed that broilers fed antibiotics or dried yeast supplemented diets attained heavier (P < 0.05) body weights, consumed greater (P < 0.05) quantities of feed except on penicillin and 6.0 g * kg-' dried yeast, converted the feed better (P < 0.05), and yielded heavier carcass and cut-parts than those fed the unsupplemented diet. Organ weights were similar in broilers on the treatments, except the greater (P < 0.05) hepatic, spleenic and gizzard weights and lengthier intestinal tracts in birds fed dried yeast.Haematological indices were superior (P < 0.05) in broilers fed supplemented diets to the basal group.The data suggest improvement in performance, carcass yield and haematology of broilers as a result of antibiotics or dried yeast supplementalion of a high fibre diet.
1. Palm kernel meal (PKM), brewers dried grains (BDG) and maize offal (MO) were included in broiler diets, each at 100, 150 or 200 g/kg; the diets were fed up to 35 d of age. 2. Overall food intake and weight gain decreased in the order BDG, PKM and MO. There were, however, significant interactions between the test ingredients and dietary concentrations in all the growth responses. Food intakes increased with the dietary concentrations of each test ingredient, but the increase was greater for BDG than PKM or MO. For weight gain, at 100 g/kg, the final body weights of the chicks fed on the diets with BDG and MO were similar, and those of chicks fed on the diet with PKM slightly lower. However, at 200 g/kg, growth rate of chicks fed on the BDG and PKM diets were similar while those of chicks fed on the MO diet was 7% lower. Efficiency of food utilisation was similar at 100 g/kg for all the ingredients and decreased as their concentrations increased; however, the decrease was considerably less for the PKM than for the MO and BDG diets. 3. Broilers fed on the BDG-based diets voided most excreta followed by those fed on the PKM and MO diets; excreta water content was highest from birds fed on the MO diets followed by the PKM and BDG diets. Apparent retention of dry matter was similar with all the test ingredients, but it decreased only significantly at 200 g/kg dietary concentration. The rate of passage was faster with the PKM diets followed by the MO and BDG diets; it was increased at 200 g/kg dietary concentration of the test ingredients.
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