Towards unraveling relationships in Xylariomycetidae (Sordariomycetes)

Abstract

The classification of subclass Xylariomycetidae is revisited with additional collections and phylogeny based on novel rDNA sequence data. Phylogenetic inferences are provided and are based on analysis of 115 sequence data, including new data for 27 strains. An updated outline to the subclass is presented based on the phylogenies and comprises two orders, 18 families and 222 genera. An account of each order, family and genus in the subclass is given. We accept the orders Amphisphaeriales and Xylariales based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Amphisphaeriales comprises Amphisphaeriaceae, Bartaliniaceae fam. nov., Clypeosphaeriaceae, Discosiaceae f a m . n o v. , P e s t a l o t i o p s i d a c e a e f a m . n o v. a n d Phlogicylindriaceae fam. nov. Xylariales comprises Apiosporaceae, Cainiaceae, Coniocessiaceae, Diatrypaceae, Graphostromataceae (doubtful), Hyponectriaceae, Iodosphaeriaceae, Lopadostomaceae fam. nov., Melogrammataceae, Pseudomassariaceae fam. nov., Vialaeaceae and Xylariaceae. The new genera and species introduced are Arthrinium hyphopodii, A. subglobosa,

Resurrection and emendation of the Hypoxylaceae, recognised from a multigene phylogeny of the Xylariales

“…Jaklitsch et al (2014) provided a comprehensive polythetic study on the genus Lopadostoma based on rDNA and RPB2 data, revealing that these fungi appear rather distantly related to the core of Xylariaceae. Accordingly, Senanayake et al (2015) placed Lopadostoma and Creosphaeria in the new family Lopadostomataceae, which was confirmed in a subsequent study by Jaklitsch et al (2016). Concurrently and subsequently, several other studies have been initiated in order to classify the non-stromatic taxa of the Xylariales (Jaklitsch and Voglmayr 2012;Daranagama et al 2015Daranagama et al , 2016Maharachchikumbura et al 2016), sometimes resulting in incongruent concepts according to the standpoint of the authors.…”

Two new species of Arthrinium (Apiosporaceae, Xylariales) associated with bamboo from Yunnan, China

“…Mycelium superficial to immersed in media, with branched, septate, smooth hyphae. Notes -Arthrinium neosubglobosa is similar to A. subglobosa in having ascospores with a curved lower cell and yellowish brown culture on PDA (Senanayake et al 2015). These two species original isolated from bamboo, and form an individual clade in the phylogenetic analysis with high bootstrap support (MPBS/MLBS/BYPP 100/100/1.00) (Fig.…”

“…Six simultaneous Markov chains were run for 5,000,000 generations and trees were sampled every 100th generation. The burn-in was set to 0.25, and the run was automatically stopped when the average standard deviation of split frequencies reached below 0.01 (Maharachchikumbura et al 2015).…”

“…Ascospores 60-80 × 14-18.5 μm (x ̅ = 70.5 × 16.3 μm, n = 20), partly overlapping, biseriate, cylindrical to broadly fusiform, slightly rounded both ends, slightly curved, hyaline, septa not observed, smooth-walled, with many guttules, with an indistinct gelatinous sheath. Asexual morph: See Senanayake et al (2015).…”

“…is the type genus of Apiosporaceae and has a widespread distribution occurring in various habitats (Sharma et al 2014). Taxa are endophytes, pathogens or saprobes, usually isolated from soil debris, plants, lichens and marine algae (Senanayake et al 2015), or occasionally from erythematous nodules of human beings (Sharma et al 2014). Some Arthrinium species such as A. arundinis (Corda) Dyko & B. Sutton has been utilized in the pharmaceutical industry as antifungal agents.…”