The influence of cannabinoids on learning and memory processes of the dorsal striatum

Goodman, Jarid; Packard, Mark G.

doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2015.06.008

Cited by 57 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 192 publications

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“…Finally, it is important to note the various cognitive, emotional, and motivational subprocesses that interact in decision-making, many of which are also mediated by cannabinoid transmission (Orsini et al, 2015a). For example, the ability to form action-outcome (A–O) contingencies, which is crucial as subjects associate different choices with their anticipated outcomes, is dependent on dorsomedial striatal CB 1 receptors (Goodman and Packard, 2015; Hart et al, 2014). Indeed, as will be discussed below, cannabinoid transmission in downstream limbic and striatal regions can have a profound impact on executive processes primarily attributed to the prefrontal cortex.…”

Section: Cannabinoid Modulation Of Prefrontal Cortical Function: Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing through the smoke: Human and animal studies of cannabis use and endocannabinoid signalling in corticolimbic networks

Silveira

Arnold

Laviolette

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Public opinion surrounding the recreational use and therapeutic potential of cannabis is shifting. This review describes new work examining the behavioural and neural effects of cannabis and the endocannabinoid system, highlighting key regions within corticolimbic brain circuits. First, we consider the role of human genetic factors and cannabis strain chemotypic differences in contributing to interindividual variation in the response to cannabinoids, such as THC, and review studies demonstrating that THC-induced impairments in decision-making processes are mediated by actions at prefrontal CB1 receptors. We further describe evidence that signalling through prefrontal or ventral hippocampal CB1 receptors modulates mesolimbic dopamine activity, aberrations of which may contribute to emotional processing deficits in schizophrenia. Lastly, we review studies suggesting that endocannabinoid tone in the amygdala is a critical regulator of anxiety, and report new data showing that FAAH activity is integral to this response. Together, these findings underscore the importance of cannabinoid signalling in the regulation of cognitive and affective behaviours, and encourage further research given their social, political, and therapeutic implications.

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Section: Cannabinoid Modulation Of Prefrontal Cortical Function: Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing through the smoke: Human and animal studies of cannabis use and endocannabinoid signalling in corticolimbic networks

Silveira

Arnold

Laviolette

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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“…The MJ group also exhibited greater caudate activation than controls when presented with peer information/social influence. The caudate, which is a region that is particularly affected by MJ use because of its high density of cannabinoid receptors (see (Goodman & Packard, 2015) for review), is involved in a variety of functions, from social reward to goal-directed behavior, the selection of correct actions, and behavioral control. This hyperactivation in the MJ group could indicate that the reward regions of the brain may be more responsive to social information in MJ users than among non-users, or alternatively, that the MJ users are cognitively compromised such that greater recruitment of the caudate is needed to inform the selection of the correct action during cognitively demanding social influence trials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanisms of sensitivity to peer information in young adult cannabis users

Gilman

Schuster

Curran

et al. 2016

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Though social influence is a critical factor in the initiation and maintenance of marijuana use, neural correlates of influence in those who use marijuana are unknown. In this study, marijuana-using young adults (MJ) (n = 20) and controls (CON) (n = 23) performed a decision-making task in which they made a perceptual choice after viewing the choices of unknown peers via photographs, while they underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. MJ and CON did not show differences in the overall number of choices that agreed vs. opposed group influence, but only the MJ group showed reaction time slowing when deciding against group choices. Reaction time was associated with greater activation of frontal regions. MJ compared to CON showed significantly greater activation in the caudate when presented with peer information. Across groups, caudate activation was associated with self-reported susceptibility to influence. These findings indicate that young adults who use MJ may exhibit increased effort when confronted with opposing peer influence, as well as exhibit greater responsivity of the caudate to social information. These results not only better define the neural basis of social decisions, but also suggest that marijuana use is associated with exaggerated neural activity during decision-making that involves social information.

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“…CB 1 receptors are densely located on the glutamatereleasing pyramidal cells of the cornu ammonis within the hippocampus, one of the major regions of the brain affected by epilepsy. By inhibiting the release of glutamate, these receptors indirectly block NMDA-modulated excitatory currents, and therefore suppress the initiation of the learningmemory-related phenomenon of long-term potentiation and long-term depression (Baron, 2015;Goodman and Packard, 2015). The expression of CB 1 receptors in the rat hippocampus underwent a strong, plastic response following status epilepticus (Falenski et al, 2009).…”

Section: Pharmacological Basis Of Cannabis Use In Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pharmacological Basis of Cannabis Therapy for Epilepsy

Reddy

Golub

2016

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

104

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Recently, cannabis has been suggested as a potential alternative therapy for refractory epilepsy, which affects 30% of epilepsy, both adults and children, who do not respond to current medications. There is a large unmet medical need for new antiepileptics that would not interfere with normal function in patients with refractory epilepsy and conditions associated with refractory seizures. The two chief cannabinoids are D-9-tetrahyrdrocannabinol, the major psychoactive component of marijuana, and cannabidiol (CBD), the major nonpsychoactive component of marijuana. Claims of clinical efficacy in epilepsy of CBD-predominant cannabis or medical marijuana come mostly from limited studies, surveys, or case reports. However, the mechanisms underlying the antiepileptic efficacy of cannabis remain unclear. This article highlights the pharmacological basis of cannabis therapy, with an emphasis on the endocannabinoid mechanisms underlying the emerging neurotherapeutics of CBD in epilepsy. CBD is anticonvulsant, but it has a low affinity for the cannabinoid receptors CB 1 and CB 2 ; therefore the exact mechanism by which it affects seizures remains poorly understood. A rigorous clinical evaluation of pharmaceutical CBD products is needed to establish the safety and efficacy of their use in the treatment of epilepsy. Identification of mechanisms underlying the anticonvulsant efficacy of CBD is also critical for identifying other potential treatment options.

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The influence of cannabinoids on learning and memory processes of the dorsal striatum

Cited by 57 publications

References 192 publications

Seeing through the smoke: Human and animal studies of cannabis use and endocannabinoid signalling in corticolimbic networks

Seeing through the smoke: Human and animal studies of cannabis use and endocannabinoid signalling in corticolimbic networks

Neural mechanisms of sensitivity to peer information in young adult cannabis users

The Pharmacological Basis of Cannabis Therapy for Epilepsy

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