Interactive video behavioral intervention to reduce adolescent females’ STD risk: a randomized controlled trial

Downs, Julie S.; Murray, Pamela J.; Bruin, Wändi Bruine de; Penrose, Joyce; Palmgren, Claire; Fischhoff, Baruch

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.01.032

Cited by 162 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…As an example of prescriptive scientific narrative, I describe an interactive video that my colleagues and I developed to help female adolescents prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (42,62). Adolescents constitute a particularly good target for narrative because they tend to be less willing to direct their attention without some payoff.…”

Section: Case Study: Adolescent Pregnancy Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on a normative expert model (40), we conducted descriptive research to reveal ways in which adolescents' actual decisions deviated from the model (62). Here I highlight three key empirical findings that emerged from this research, and describe how we addressed them using narrative.…”

Section: Case Study: Adolescent Pregnancy Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A pilot evaluation of an early version revealed statistically significant effects on sexual behaviors, including increases in abstinence and correct condom use, as well as decreases in self-reported incidence of sexually transmitted infections (and a similar but nonsignificant trend for clinically documented Chlamydia infections) (62). A large-scale field evaluation is currently underway at 15 clinical sites across three US states to test for wider-scale dissemination and clinical outcomes.…”

Section: Case Study: Adolescent Pregnancy Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prescriptive scientific narratives for communicating usable science

Downs

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In this paper I describe how a narrative approach to science communication may help audiences to more fully understand how science is relevant to their own lives and behaviors. The use of prescriptive scientific narrative can help to overcome challenges specific to scientific concepts, especially the need to reconsider long-held beliefs in the face of new empirical findings. Narrative can captivate the audience, driving anticipation for plot resolution, thus becoming a self-motivating vehicle for information delivery. This quality gives narrative considerable power to explain complex phenomena and causal processes, and to create and reinforce memory traces for better recall and application over time. Because of the inherent properties of narrative communication, their creators have a special responsibility to ensure even-handedness in selection and presentation of the scientific evidence. The recent transformation in communication and information technology has brought about new platforms for delivering content, particularly through interactivity, which can use structured self-tailoring to help individuals most efficiently get exactly the content that they need. As with all educational efforts, prescriptive scientific narratives must be evaluated systematically to determine whether they have the desired effects in improving understanding and changing behavior.decision making | adolescents | interactive video

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Section: Case Study: Adolescent Pregnancy Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Study: Adolescent Pregnancy Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Study: Adolescent Pregnancy Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prescriptive scientific narratives for communicating usable science

Downs

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…34 However, a 30-minute interactive video intervention for sexually active adolescent females recruited from several health care settings, when compared to control paper-based educational materials, was associated with an increase in condom use and a 50 % decrease in the proportion of adolescents reporting chlamydia diagnosis after 6 months. 35 …”

Section: Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Prevention Interventions to Reduce Racial Disparities in the United States: A Systematic Review

et al. 2012

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Racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS in the United States despite advances in prevention methodologies. The goal of this study was to systematically review the past 30 years of HIV prevention interventions addressing racial disparities. We conducted electronic searches of Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane Review of Clinical Trials databases, supplemented by manual searches and expert review. Studies published before June 5, 2011 were eligible. Prevention interventions that included over 50 % racial/ethnic minority participants or sub-analysis by race/ethnicity, measured condom use only or condom use plus incident sexually transmitted infections or HIV as outcomes, and were affiliated with a health clinic were included in the review. We stratified the included articles by target population and intervention modality. Reviewers independently and systematically extracted all studies using the Downs and Black checklist for quality assessment; authors cross-checked 20 % of extractions. Seventy-six studies were included in the final analysis. The mean DB score was 22.44 – high compared to previously published means. Most of the studies were randomized controlled trials (87 %) and included a majority of African-American participants (83 %). No interventions were designed specifically to reduce disparities in HIV acquisition between populations. Additionally, few interventions targeted men who have sex with men or utilized HIV as a primary outcome. Interventions that combined skills training and cultural or interactive engagement of participants were superior to those depending on didactic messaging. The scope of this review was limited by the exclusion of non-clinic based interventions and intermediate risk endpoints. Interactive, skills-based sessions may be effective in preventing HIV acquisition in racial and ethnic minorities, but further research into interventions tailored to specific sub-populations, such as men who have sex with men, is warranted.

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“…The prescriptive work that my colleagues and I (e.g., Downs et al, 2004) have conducted has focused on filling such gaps in teens' mental models. We have also sought to give teens a more realistic feeling for how much they know.…”

Section: Adolescents' Sexually Transmitted Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision research strategies.

Fischhoff¹

2005

Health Psychology

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Cancer poses many, often difficult choices. Studying these choices poses several strategic decisions for researchers, including (a) whether to conduct formal analyses of the choices being studied, (b) whether to adopt a persuasive stance (or only facilitate independent decision making), (c) whether to focus on optimizing specific choices or securing broader mastery, and (d) which individual differences to address. Behavioral decision research's strategic approach is demonstrated in 4 contexts relevant to cancer-related decisions: (a) informed consent, (b) prevention, (c) infectious disease, and (d) medical emergencies. Each example contains interacting elements of normative analysis, identifying optimal choices; descriptive research, characterizing actual behavior; and prescriptive interventions, seeking to bridge the gap between the normative ideal and the descriptive reality.

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Interactive video behavioral intervention to reduce adolescent females’ STD risk: a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 162 publications

References 78 publications

Prescriptive scientific narratives for communicating usable science

Prescriptive scientific narratives for communicating usable science

HIV Prevention Interventions to Reduce Racial Disparities in the United States: A Systematic Review

Decision research strategies.

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