In vitro anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity studies of two mangrove associated lichens, Dirinaria consimilis and Ramalina leiodea extracts

Abstract

Plan: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activity of different extracts from two different manglicolous lichens (Dirinaria consimilis and Ramalina leiodea). Preface: Inflammation is the origin of several deadly diseases like cancer, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s and rheumatoid arthritis. From decades, lichen extracts and its metabolites are well known in treating inflammation and cancer. Outcome: The outcome of protein denaturation method confirmed that the ethyl acetate and acetone extract of R. leiodea depicted better inhibitory profile against protein denaturation with IC50 values of 268 and 330 µg/mL Furthermore, the results of SRB assay showed that ethyl acetate and acetone extracts of both the lichens acts potently against MCF-7, DLD-1, HeLa and A549. Simultaneously, all the tested extracts depicted the low degree of specificity towards NHME, they are less toxic. Hence, further screening of these extracts may lead to the exploration of safe and potent anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents.

CHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF MANGLICOLOUS LICHEN GRAPHIS AJAREKARII PATW. & C. R. KULK.

“…The SRB assay [13,14] is based on the estimation of cellular protein content. The prepared samples were taken in 96-well tissue-culture plate and added 190 µL screened ideal cell suspension and mixed occasionally and incubate at 37 o C with 5 % CO 2 and 90 % relative humidity for 3 h. Then add 100 µL cold TCA to each well and incubate at 4 o C for 1 h. After that the plates were gently washed using water, dried using blow dryer and air-dried at room temperature.…”

Chemical and pharmacological evaluation of manglicolous lichen Roccella montagnei Bel em. D. D. Awasthi

“…The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity for metabolites (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) and RM-Ac were determined by using protein denaturation method [20] in triplicate, and results are reported as percentage of inhibition of protein denaturation against blank. Bovine serum albumin protein (1%) was solubilized in sodium phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 6.4).…”

“…Lichen (a symbiotic organism) belongs to bryophytes which have an aptitude to persevere on any geographical region or any substratum [1,2]. Due to their unique survival and mutualistic characteristics, lichens and their secondary metabolites are used for the treatment of several infections and diseases [2,3]. The lichens particularly associated with the mangroves/mangals are termed as manglicolous lichens [2,3].…”

“…Due to their unique survival and mutualistic characteristics, lichens and their secondary metabolites are used for the treatment of several infections and diseases [2,3]. The lichens particularly associated with the mangroves/mangals are termed as manglicolous lichens [2,3]. As mangals persist in stressful environment such as high concentration of moisture and salt and low and high tidal water, lichens habituated on these groups of plants are also exposed to the aforementioned stressed conditions.…”

“…As mangals persist in stressful environment such as high concentration of moisture and salt and low and high tidal water, lichens habituated on these groups of plants are also exposed to the aforementioned stressed conditions. As a result, they show a difference in phytochemical constituents than normal lichens due to stressed physiological adaptations [2][3][4]. Besides, there are very few chemical and pharmacological reports existing on manglicolous lichens due to their slow growth (1 cm/year) and the difficulty to collect a good amount of specimen from mangrove regions.…”