Evidence of basal pituitary–adrenal overactivity in first episode, drug naïve patients with schizophrenia

Ryan, Mary Morgan; Sharifi, Neda; Condren, Rita; Thakore, Jogin H.

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2003.08.011

Cited by 202 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In the present study, covariance analysis suggested that HCC might be higher in FEP patients than in healthy controls, which is in line with the studies of Abel et al, 21 Ryan et al, [22][23][24] Walsh et al, 25 Spelman et al, 26 Kale et al, 27 and Mondelli et al 6 Conversely, other studies report no differences in plasma and salivary basal measures between FEP individuals and healthy controls. 8,[28][29][30] Those studies, however, assessed short-term cortisol measurements, which are known to be more susceptible to acute influences, such as the distress caused by the collection of blood or saliva itself.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Hair cortisol in drug-naïve first-episode individuals with psychosis

Andrade

Rizzo

Noto

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objectives: To compare hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) in drug-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and healthy controls and to investigate the correlations between HCC and psychopathology. Methods: Twenty-four drug-naïve FEP patients and 27 gender-and age-matched healthy control subjects were recruited. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-1) was used to confirm/ rule out diagnoses, and the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) was used to assess symptom severity. Hair samples (2-3 cm long) obtained from the posterior vertex region of the scalp were processed in 1-cm segments considering a hair growth rate of 1 cm per month. The 1-cm segments were classified according to their proximity to the scalp: segment A was the closest to the scalp and referred to the month prior to inclusion in the study. Segments B and C referred to the 2nd and 3rd months prior to the time of evaluation respectively. Hair steroid extraction was performed using a known protocol. Results: Two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with gender and age as covariates revealed a group effect (F 1.106 = 4.899, p = 0.029) on HCC. Between-segment differences correlated with total PANSS score and with PANSS General Psychopathology subscale and total score. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as assessed by long-term (3-month) cortisol concentration, is abnormal in the early stages of psychosis. The magnitude of changes in HCC over time prior to the FEP correlates to psychopathology. HPA axis abnormalities might begin prior to full-blown clinical presentation requiring hospital admission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Hair cortisol in drug-naïve first-episode individuals with psychosis

Andrade

Rizzo

Noto

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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“…Using these diverse methods we identified changes in cortisol, ACTH, AVP, agouti-related protein, growth hormone, prolactin and secretagogin. The finding of increased ACTH and cortisol supports the hypothesis that HPA axis hyperactivity may be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease 101 . Previous studies have linked abnormal AVP levels to changes in mood and behaviour 102 , and to psychotic disorders 103,104 .…”

Section: Effects On the Insulin Signalling And The Hpa Axis In Schizosupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Previous studies have linked abnormal AVP levels to changes in mood and behaviour 102 , and to psychotic disorders 103,104 . In addition, AVP may affect HPA axis sensitivity since there appears to be a positive correlation between the circulating levels of AVP, ACTH and cortisol in schizophrenia patients 101 . The finding that some of these changes were also detected in the circulation of living schizophrenia subjects (see above) suggests that they may play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease and could also lead to translation of these molecules as peripheral biomarkers for schizophrenia.…”

Section: Effects On the Insulin Signalling And The Hpa Axis In Schizomentioning

confidence: 99%

Os efeitos do estresse na função do eixo hipotalâmico-pituitário-adrenal em indivíduos com esquizofrenia

Guest

Martins-de-Souza²,

Rahmoune

et al. 2012

Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (São Paulo)

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Over the last few decades, evidence has been emerging that the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia can involve perturbations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Variations in the manifestation of these effects could be related to the differences in clinical symptoms between affected individuals as well as to differences in treatment response. Such effects can also arise from the complex interaction between genes and environmental factors. Here, we review the effects of maternal stress on abnormalities in HPA axis regulation and the development of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. Studies in this area may prove critical for increasing our understanding of the multi-dimensional nature of schizophrenia. Further research in this area could ultimately lead to the development of improved diagnostics and novel therapeutic approaches for treating this debilitating psychiatric condition.Guest FL, et al. / Rev Psiq Clín. 2013;40(1):20-7 Keywords: Psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia, HPA axis dysfunction, diagnosis, biomarkers. ResumoNas últimas décadas, têm surgido evidências sugerindo que a patogênese de desordens psiquiátricas, tais como a esquizofrenia, pode envolver perturbações no eixo hipotalâmico-pituitário-adrenal (HPA). Variações na manifestação desses efeitos poderiam estar relacionadas a diferenças em sintomas clínicos entre os indivíduos afetados, assim como a diferenças na resposta ao tratamento. Tais efeitos podem também ser originados de complexas interações entre genes e fatores ambientais. Aqui, revisamos os efeitos do estresse maternal em anormalidades na regulação do eixo HPA e desenvolvimento de desordens psiquiátricas, incluindo a esquizofrenia. Estudos nessa área podem gerar o aumento do nosso entendimento da natureza multidimensional da esquizofrenia. Posterior pesquisa nesse campo poderia, em última instância, levar ao desenvolvimento de melhores diagnósticos e novas abordagens terapêuticas para essa debilitante condição psiquiátrica.Guest FL, et al. / Rev Psiq Clín. 2013;40(1):20-7 Palavras-chave: Desordens psiquiátricas, esquizofrenia, disfunção do eixo HPA, diagnóstico, biomarcadores.

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“…Previous studies found smaller left hippocamapal volume associated with increased cortisol inpatients with first episode of psychosis [6,7,8,9,10] and also in depression [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Increased Cortisol Levels in Depression: A Comparative Study Evaluating the Correlation of Hypercortisolemia with Prosocial Coping Mechanisms

Moica

Grecu

Buicu

et al. 2016

Acta Medica Marisiensis

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Objective: The aim of this paper was to evaluate if depressed patients have an increased level of morning serum cortisol compared to healthy persons and to assess the relation between high levels of cortisol and prosocial coping mechanisms, in the context of Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder. Methods: Morning serum cortisol level was measured in 15 depressed patients hospitalized in First Clinic of Psychiatry Tirgu Mures and in 15 healthy controls. We have analyzed 3 behavioral coping strategies with The Strategic Approach of Coping Scale (SACS): social joining (SJ), seeking social support (SSS) and cautious action (CA). Results: 30 participants were included, the mean value of the cortisol for females was Mcort_female= 16.38 µg/dl and for males Mcort_male= 16.31 µg/dl. Independent sample t test showed that the cortisol level in depressed group was higher than the cortisol level in the control group: t = 2.394, p < 0.05 (0.024). In the MDD group the Spearman correlation between the level of serum cortisol and prosocial coping strategies was: rcortisol-SJ= -0.519; rcortisol-SSS= -0.107; rcortisol-CA= -0.382. Conclusions: Although the studied sample patient was small, we can conclude that the patients with Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder have an increased level of morning serum cortisol compared to healthy persons. In these patients there is an inverse correlation between the increased levels of morning cortisol and the frequency of use of the effective prosocial coping strategies, particularly the social joining type.

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Evidence of basal pituitary–adrenal overactivity in first episode, drug naïve patients with schizophrenia

Cited by 202 publications

References 33 publications

Hair cortisol in drug-naïve first-episode individuals with psychosis

Hair cortisol in drug-naïve first-episode individuals with psychosis

Os efeitos do estresse na função do eixo hipotalâmico-pituitário-adrenal em indivíduos com esquizofrenia

Increased Cortisol Levels in Depression: A Comparative Study Evaluating the Correlation of Hypercortisolemia with Prosocial Coping Mechanisms

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