“…Furthermore, the expression of PPO8, SCRB3, and SCRB9 in oenocytoids that feature prominently in our analysis herein, are either found in low abundance or were not detected by Raddi et al (Figure 3-figure supplement 6;Raddi et al, 2020). There is also little similarity when our oenocytoid clusters (Clusters 7 and 8) and Drosophila crystal cell populations (Figure 3-figure supplement 5; Cattenoz et al, 2020;Cho et al, 2020;Tattikota et al, 2020) are compared to previously defined "oenocytoid" cells (Raddi et al, 2020), which according to our analysis and others (Hu et al, 2021) more closely resemble granulocyte populations (Figure 3-figure supplement 7).…”
Section: Comparative Analysis To Other Hemocyte Single-cell Studies In Flies and Mosquitoessupporting
Mosquito immune cells, known as hemocytes, are integral to cellular and humoral responses that limit pathogen survival and mediate immune priming. However, without reliable cell markers and genetic tools, studies of mosquito immune cells have been limited to morphological observations, leaving several aspects of their biology uncharacterized. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize mosquito immune cells, demonstrating an increased complexity to previously defined prohemocyte, oenocytoid, and granulocyte subtypes. Through functional assays relying on phagocytosis, phagocyte depletion, and RNA-FISH experiments, we define markers to accurately distinguish immune cell subtypes and provide evidence for immune cell maturation and differentiation. In addition, gene-silencing experiments demonstrate the importance of lozenge in defining the mosquito oenocytoid cell fate. Together, our scRNA-seq analysis provides an important foundation for future studies of mosquito immune cell biology and a valuable resource for comparative invertebrate immunology.
“…Furthermore, the expression of PPO8, SCRB3, and SCRB9 in oenocytoids that feature prominently in our analysis herein, are either found in low abundance or were not detected by Raddi et al (Figure 3-figure supplement 6;Raddi et al, 2020). There is also little similarity when our oenocytoid clusters (Clusters 7 and 8) and Drosophila crystal cell populations (Figure 3-figure supplement 5; Cattenoz et al, 2020;Cho et al, 2020;Tattikota et al, 2020) are compared to previously defined "oenocytoid" cells (Raddi et al, 2020), which according to our analysis and others (Hu et al, 2021) more closely resemble granulocyte populations (Figure 3-figure supplement 7).…”
Section: Comparative Analysis To Other Hemocyte Single-cell Studies In Flies and Mosquitoessupporting
Mosquito immune cells, known as hemocytes, are integral to cellular and humoral responses that limit pathogen survival and mediate immune priming. However, without reliable cell markers and genetic tools, studies of mosquito immune cells have been limited to morphological observations, leaving several aspects of their biology uncharacterized. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize mosquito immune cells, demonstrating an increased complexity to previously defined prohemocyte, oenocytoid, and granulocyte subtypes. Through functional assays relying on phagocytosis, phagocyte depletion, and RNA-FISH experiments, we define markers to accurately distinguish immune cell subtypes and provide evidence for immune cell maturation and differentiation. In addition, gene-silencing experiments demonstrate the importance of lozenge in defining the mosquito oenocytoid cell fate. Together, our scRNA-seq analysis provides an important foundation for future studies of mosquito immune cell biology and a valuable resource for comparative invertebrate immunology.
“…Likewise, single-cell sequencing indicates that Gr8a is expressed in the male and female bitter taste bristles, gustatory receptors, oenocytes, and male reproductive system ( Table 2 ). 54 These data further indicate that in addition to its chemosensory functions, Gr8a may also contribute to oenocyte and male reproductive physiology. Figure 1 Gr8a is a chemosensory receptor with sexually dimorphic expression in abdominal tissues (A–F) Gr8a -Gal4 labels cells in the proboscis (A and B) and prothoracic legs (C and D) of both males (top) and females (bottom), but only labels cells in the abdomen of males (E and F).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 75%
“… 87 https://www.phylo.org DRscDB Hu et al. 54 https://www.flyrnai.org/tools/single_cell/web/ Other 20 mL Scintillation Vials, Borosilicate glass, with screw cap, Kimble Chase VWR Cat#490007-896 2 mL screw cap vial clear w/wr 12 mm Agilent Crosslab Cat#5182-0715 Screw cap 12 mm, blue, PTFE-lined, solid top Agilent Crosslab Cat#5183-2075 250ul vial insert, glass with polymer feet Agilent Crosslab Cat#5181-1270 …”
“…First we review some of the multiple known functions of SARM1 in different cell types. SARM1 is broadly expressed in many different tissues, and within the nervous system it is expressed within glial and immune cells as well as neurons ( Hu et al, 2021 ). Prior to the discovery of SARM1’s best-known role in axonal degeneration, studies in multiple model organisms have identified SARM1 as an upstream regulator of MAP (mitogen activated kinase) Kinase signaling ( Liberati et al, 2004 ; Chuang and Bargmann, 2005 ; Kim et al, 2007 ; Chen et al, 2011 ).…”
Section: Sarm1-regulated Signaling Mediates Diverse Functions Includi...mentioning
Axons are considered to be particularly vulnerable components of the nervous system; impairments to a neuron’s axon leads to an effective silencing of a neuron’s ability to communicate with other cells. Nervous systems have therefore evolved plasticity mechanisms for adapting to axonal damage. These include acute mechanisms that promote the degeneration and clearance of damaged axons and, in some cases, the initiation of new axonal growth and synapse formation to rebuild lost connections. Here we review how these diverse processes are influenced by the therapeutically targetable enzyme SARM1. SARM1 catalyzes the breakdown of NAD+, which, when unmitigated, can lead to rundown of this essential metabolite and axonal degeneration. SARM1’s enzymatic activity also triggers the activation of downstream signaling pathways, which manifest numerous functions for SARM1 in development, innate immunity and responses to injury. Here we will consider the multiple intersections between SARM1 and the injury signaling pathways that coordinate cellular adaptations to nervous system damage.
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