Do marijuana use motives matter? Meta-analytic associations with marijuana use frequency and problems

Bresin, Konrad; Mekawi, Yara

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106102

Cited by 72 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Spiritually motivated users reported significantly better consequences for psychological health and spiritual practice, while users with an escapist motivation reported significantly worse consequences for psychological health, sociability, and personal happiness. These findings generally agree with Bresin and Mekawi's (2019) meta-analysis, although their analysis only tested for negative outcomes. They found that coping motives predicted both a higher cannabis frequency and more problematic use, while expansion and enhancement motives predicted a higher frequency of use but not problematic use.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Previous research has identified five primary motivations for cannabis use: coping, enhancement, social, conformity, and expansion (Bresin and Mekawi 2019;Simons et al 1998). In this model, coping refers to a wish to escape from problems, enhancement to a wish for pleasant feelings and excitement, the social motive is about increasing sociability, and conformity refers to a wish to use cannabis in order to fit in with the social group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While none of these five motivations links directly to spirituality, both enhancement and expansion relate to factors that have previously been identified as important aspects of entheogenic spirituality (Johnstad 2018). Bresin and Mekawi (2019) performed a meta-analysis of the relations between cannabis use motives and outcomes, and found that coping motives predicted both a higher cannabis use frequency and more problematic use, while expansion and enhancement motives were associated with a higher frequency of use, but not with problematic use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cannabis as entheogen: survey and interview data on the spiritual use of cannabis

Johnstad

2020

J Cannabis Res

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Background While cannabis has a long history of spiritual use, its normalization in Western societies during the last decades has led to more recreational use. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of spiritual cannabis use as compared to recreational use and to the use of psychedelics such as LSD and psilocybin. Methods The study employed a mixed methods research design that involved both qualitative interviews and a quantitative survey. Participants in interviews (N = 29) were recruited at various online fora for individual interviews via private messaging, and were queried in depth about their use of entheogens such as psilocybin, LSD, and DMT in spiritual contexts. The Cannabis and Psychedelics User Survey (CPUS) was constructed on the basis of the reports from these interviews, and recruited 319 participants (median age 33; 81% male) from seven different online communities. The online survey consisted of three main sections, with the first asking about demographics, personality, current and past affiliation to spiritual or religious traditions, and non-psychedelic drug use, and the second and third sections containing questions about motivations for, experience with, and consequences of cannabis and psychedelics use. The main statistical analyses used were multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis, which identified the effect from having a spiritual motivation for cannabis use on various aspects of the cannabis experience while controlling for a range of demographic, personality, and drug use variables. Results Respondents differentiated clearly between the use of psychedelics and cannabis. Their use of the psychedelic drug they chose for the survey was restricted to a median of 1–10 use occasions per year, and 69% of participants endorsed having a spiritual motivation for use. Cannabis, on the other hand, was used a median of 51–100 times per year, and 25% of participants endorsed having a spiritual motivation for use. This minority of spiritual cannabis users differed significantly from non-spiritual users in how they approached cannabis use and in the type of experiences their use gave rise to. In multivariate logistic regression models, spiritual motivation was a significant predictor (p < .05) of experiences of insight, connectedness, joy, love, and unity with transcendent forces. Conclusions The study found evidence of a group of spiritual cannabis users who tended to regard cannabis as an entheogen. These spiritual cannabis users had a different mode of engagement with cannabis than recreational users, and reported cannabis experiences that in some aspects resembled experiences with psychedelics. Recent research has not given much attention to spiritual aspects of cannabis use, but the study indicates that spiritually motivated use remains prevalent and deserves further study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cannabis as entheogen: survey and interview data on the spiritual use of cannabis

Johnstad

2020

J Cannabis Res

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“…Although several studies have focused on investigating the psychological motives underpinning healthy and excessive gaming for example, References [16,17,18], little research on specific gaming motives has been conducted to explore the potential role of gaming motives in predicting and mediating disordered gaming and key psychopathological outcomes. This is particularly concerning given that previous research has found that specific psychological motivational factors have an important role in the development and treatment of addictive disorders with and without the use of psychoactive substances [19,20,21,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a similar vein, immersion-oriented gamers display great interest in intellectual activities, with reduced interest in social activities and vacationing. These findings are important because they can inform decisions from practitioners when making targeted recommendations of replacement behaviors for disordered gamers based on their own unique motivational profile, which is key for effective diagnosis and treatment of GD [19,20,21,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychopathological Symptoms and Gaming Motives in Disordered Gaming—A Psychometric Comparison between the WHO and APA Diagnostic Frameworks

Montag

Schivinski

Sariyska

et al. 2019

JCM

105

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Background: ‘Gaming Disorder’ (GD) has received increased medical attention and official recognition from both the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Although these two medical organizations have independently developed promising clinical diagnostic frameworks to assess disordered gaming, little is known about how these frameworks compare at different psychometric levels in terms of producing consistent outcomes in the assessment of GD. Methods: A sample of 1429 German gamers (Meanage = 29.74 years; SD = 12.37 years) completed an online survey including measures on different psychopathological symptoms (depression, loneliness and attention problems), gaming motives and disordered gaming according to the WHO and APA frameworks. Results: The findings suggest the existence of minor discrepancies in the estimation of prevalence rates of GD according among the two frameworks. Nevertheless, both diagnostic frameworks are fairly consistent in the psychometric prediction of GD in relation to gaming motives and psychopathological symptoms. The findings underscore the role of key gaming motives as risk factors and protective factors across both diagnostic frameworks. Finally, the study provides support for the WHO diagnostic framework for GD and its measurement with the German Gaming Disorder Test (GDT). The findings and their implications are further discussed in terms of clinical relevance.

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Cannabis Coping Motives Might Mediate the Association Between PTSD Symptom Severity and Trauma Cue–Elicited Cannabis Craving

Atasoy,

Lambe,

DeGrace

et al. 2023

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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Do marijuana use motives matter? Meta-analytic associations with marijuana use frequency and problems

Cited by 72 publications

References 58 publications

Cannabis as entheogen: survey and interview data on the spiritual use of cannabis

Cannabis as entheogen: survey and interview data on the spiritual use of cannabis

Psychopathological Symptoms and Gaming Motives in Disordered Gaming—A Psychometric Comparison between the WHO and APA Diagnostic Frameworks

Cannabis Coping Motives Might Mediate the Association Between PTSD Symptom Severity and Trauma Cue–Elicited Cannabis Craving

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