Distinct Roles of Hemocytes at Different Stages of Infection by Dengue and Zika Viruses in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

Leite, Thiago H. J. F.; Ferreira, Álvaro G. A.; Imler, Jean‐Luc; Marques, João Trindade

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.660873

Cited by 19 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…We established that Ag55 cells have a functional phagocytosis system capable of ingesting E. coli bioparticles. However, hemocytes have diverse functions within mosquitoes (Das De et al ., 2018; Leite et al ., 2021) so it remains to be investigated to what extent Ag55 cells have additional characteristics of mosquito hemocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anopheles gambiae strain (Ag55) cultured cells originated from Anopheles coluzzii and are phagocytic with hemocyte‐like gene expression

et al. 2022

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Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii are closely related species that are predominant vectors of malaria in Africa. Recently, A. gambiae form M was renamed A. coluzzii and we now conclude on the basis of a diagnostic PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism assay that Ag55 cells were derived from A. coluzzii. We established an Ag55 cell transcriptome, and KEGG pathway analysis showed that Ag55 cells are enriched in phagosome pathway transcripts. The Ag55 transcriptome has an abundance of specific transcripts characteristic of mosquito hemocytes. Functional E. coli bioparticle uptake experiments visualized by fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy and quantified by flow cytometry establish the phagocytic competence of Ag55 cells. Results from this investigation of Ag55 cell properties will guide researchers in the use and engineering of the Ag55 cell line to better enable investigations of Plasmodium, other microbes, and insecticidal toxins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anopheles gambiae strain (Ag55) cultured cells originated from Anopheles coluzzii and are phagocytic with hemocyte‐like gene expression

et al. 2022

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“…In the mosquito Ae. aegypti , it has recently been reported that inhibition of phagocytosis results in higher systemic dissemination and replication of DENV2 and Zika virus (ZIKV), suggesting that phagocytosis is required for arbovirus control in the mosquito [ 59 ]. Despite these pieces of evidence indicating that hemocytes play a role in controlling viral infection, they are also known to produce immune factors that act as agonists, suggesting that, in some way, hemocytes may have two opposing functions.…”

Section: The Role Of Hemocytes In Antiviral Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ae. aegypti, hemocytes are attached to the midgut during viral infection [ 59 ]; however, the mechanism governing this interaction and its effects on infection are still unknown. More studies are needed to determine whether this regulation occurs similarly in the heart and whether it has an impact on viral infection.…”

Section: Antiviral Immune Pathway In Hemocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Mosquito Hemocytes in Viral Infections

Cardoso-Jaime

Tikhe

Dong

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Insect hemocytes are the only immune cells that can mount a humoral and cellular immune response. Despite the critical involvement of hemocytes in immune responses against bacteria, fungi, and parasites in mosquitoes, our understanding of their antiviral potential is still limited. It has been shown that hemocytes express humoral factors such as TEP1, PPO, and certain antimicrobial peptides that are known to restrict viral infections. Insect hemocytes also harbor the major immune pathways, such as JAK/STAT, TOLL, IMD, and RNAi, which are critical for the control of viral infection. Recent research has indicated a role for hemocytes in the regulation of viral infection through RNA interference and autophagy; however, the specific mechanism by which this regulation occurs remains uncharacterized. Conversely, some studies have suggested that hemocytes act as agonists of arboviral infection because they lack basal lamina and circulate throughout the whole mosquito, likely facilitating viral dissemination to other tissues such as salivary glands. In addition, hemocytes produce arbovirus agonist factors such as lectins, which enhance viral infection. Here, we summarize our current understanding of hemocytes’ involvement in viral infections.

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“…STAT proteins (Gao et al, 2018). In recent years, many studies have reported that the JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays an important role in viral infection (Cherng et al, 2021;Leite et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2021;Ye et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SOCS3 Promotes ALV-J Virus Replication via Inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 Phosphorylation During Infection

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an oncogenic retrovirus that causes immunosuppression and neoplastic diseases in poultry. Cytokine signal-transduction inhibitor molecule 3 (SOCS3) is an important negative regulator of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and plays certain roles in ALV-J infection. It is of significance to confirm the roles of SOCS3 in ALV-J infection and study how this gene affects ALV-J infection. In this study, we assessed the expression of the SOCS3 gene in vivo and in vitro, and investigated the roles of SOCS3 in ALV-J infection using overexpressed or interfered assays with the SOCS3 in DF-1 cells. The results showed that the SOCS3 expression of ALV-J infected chickens was different from uninfected chickens in the spleen, thymus and cecal tonsil. Further, SOCS3 is mainly expressed in the nucleus as determined by immunofluorescence assay. Overexpression of SOCS3 in DF-1 cells promoted the replication of ALV-J virus, and the expression of interferons (IFNα and INFβ), inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNFα) along with interferon-stimulating genes (CH25H, MX1, OASL, and ZAP). Conversely, interference of SOCS3 showed the opposite results. We also observed that SOCS3 promoted ALV-J virus replication by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation. In conclusion, SOCS3 promotes ALV-J replication via inhibiting the phosphorylation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. These results would advance further understanding of the persistent infection and the viral immune evasion of the ALV-J virus.

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Distinct Roles of Hemocytes at Different Stages of Infection by Dengue and Zika Viruses in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

Cited by 19 publications

References 57 publications

Anopheles gambiae strain (Ag55) cultured cells originated from Anopheles coluzzii and are phagocytic with hemocyte‐like gene expression

Anopheles gambiae strain (Ag55) cultured cells originated from Anopheles coluzzii and are phagocytic with hemocyte‐like gene expression

The Role of Mosquito Hemocytes in Viral Infections

SOCS3 Promotes ALV-J Virus Replication via Inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 Phosphorylation During Infection

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