Taxonomic novelties in Amaryllidaceae from the Department of Ancash, Peru, and a new combination in Clinanthus

Abstract

Clinanthus inflatus (Amaryllidaceae) and Ismene parviflora are described from Ancash Department in Peru. The flower of C. inflatus is urceolate, and resembles that of Urceolina (Amaryllidaceae tr. Eucharideae), a unique morphology for the genus. Ismene parviflora, with its small, loosely formed, narrowly funnelform-tubular perigone with a ventricose limb, appears to have some affinity to subgen. Pseudostenomesson and may represent an intermediate form between the former and species of subgen. Ismene. Stenomesson rubrum is transferred to Clinanthus as C. ruber on the basis of its narrowly lorate leaf morphology.

Phylogenomics of the Andean Tetraploid Clade of the American Amaryllidaceae (Subfamily Amaryllidoideae): Unlocking a Polyploid Generic Radiation Abetted by Continental Geodynamics

“…They appear younger than then the first group ( Figure 9 ), and include the alpine species C. humilis , which occurs at over 4,000 m elevation and maintains its scape inside the bulb until seed capsule maturity ( Meerow, 1987b ). The genus as a whole may number two dozen or more species ( León et al, 2013 ; Meerow and Cano, 2019 ; Esquerre and Meerow, 2020 ), many of which are known from single localities.…”

“…Meerow (2010) characterized the Andean tetraploid clade’s polyploid genome as grist for the mill of the Andean orogeny. Northern Peru in particular, comprising in part the Neotropical bioprovinces Cauca, Desert and Ecuadorian ( Morrone, 2014 ), with its complex of microhabitats, has been a hotspot of diversification in the Andean clade ( Meerow and van der Werff, 2004 ; Meerow and Cano, 2019 ; Meerow and Nakamura, 2019 ; Esquerre and Meerow, 2020 ). The distributions of Rauhia in Peru and Phaedranassa in Ecuador ( Meerow, 1990 ; Oleas et al, 2012 , 2013 , 2016 ) fit the allopatric models of dispersal or vicariance ( Figure 10 and Supplementary Figure 9 ) followed by isolation described for Andean complexes of Buddleja L. ( Norman, 2000 ), Calceolaria L. ( Molau, 1988 ), Fuchsia L. ( Berry, 1982 ), and many other taxa ( Ayers, 1999 ; Beck and Richter, 2008 ; Antonelli et al, 2009 ; Pennington et al, 2010 ; Anthelme et al, 2014 ; Luebert and Weigend, 2014 ; Bacon et al, 2018 ).…”

“…2 My later, the stem age of Ismene, which is the first branch of the tribe. Incomplete sampling might bias the area optimization of Ismene, other species of which range to Ecuador to the north, and southern Peru and Bolivia to the south (Meerow and Cano, 2019), but they remain primarily in the higher elevation Puna Bioprovince. Leptochiton diverged 2 My after Ismene.…”