Crop Wild Relatives as Germplasm Resource for Cultivar Improvement in Mint (Mentha L.)

Vining, Kelly J.; Hummer, Kim E.; Bassil, Nahla V.; Lange, B. Markus; Khoury, Colin K.; Carver, Dan

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.01217

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…M. spicata is commonly accepted to have a hybrid origin and is thought to have arisen as an ancient stable allopolyploid between M. longifolia and M. suaveolens [ 41 , 47 , 55 , 63 , 66 , 112 , 165 , 166 ]. It is, however, different from the equivalently defined hybrid M. × rotundifolia , which is often mistaken for M. spicata .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thereby, it is hypothesized that M. spicata probably arose in cultivation [ 49 ], which might have been in Neolithic times, i.e., roughly about 10–11 Ka BCE. However, viewed from a historical perspective, all of this could be read as a persistent myth in which the many-headed dragon ‘ M. spicata’ was gradually embedded—a myth that became shaped along misty pathways (e.g., [ 41 , 45 , 47 , 106 ]) and that is still very much alive today (e.g., [ 63 , 66 , 112 , 166 ]). Conclusions from repeated studies of morphology, chemistry and cytology, coupled with field experiments and genetic research, confirmed or enhanced the idea of such hybrid origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Revised Phylogeny of the Mentha spicata Clade Reveals Cryptic Species

Heylen¹,

Debortoli²,

Marescaux³

et al. 2021

Plants

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The genus Mentha is taxonomically and phylogenetically challenging due to complex genomes, polyploidization and an extensive historical nomenclature, potentially hiding cryptic taxa. A straightforward interpretation of phylogenetic relationships within the section Mentha is further hindered by dominant but outdated concepts on historically identified hybrid taxa. Mentha spicata is traditionally considered to be of hybrid origin, but the evidence for this is weak. Here, we aim to understand the phylogenetic relationships within the section Mentha using large sample sizes and to revisit the hybrid status and identity of M. spicata. We show that two of three traditional species in the subsection Spicatae are polyphyletic, as is the subsection as a whole, while the real number of cryptic species was underestimated. Compared to previous studies we present a fundamentally different phylogeny, with a basal split between M. spicata s.s. and M. longifolia s.s. Cluster analyses of morphological and genotypic data demonstrate that there is a dissociation between morphologically and genotypically defined groups of samples. We did not find any evidence that M. spicata is of hybrid origin, and we conclude its taxonomic status should be revised. The combination of genetic and phenotypic information is essential when evaluating hyperdiverse taxonomic groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Revised Phylogeny of the Mentha spicata Clade Reveals Cryptic Species

Heylen¹,

Debortoli²,

Marescaux³

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…The genus Mentha L. (family Lamiaceae) encompasses a group of aromatic, mostly perennial herbs that are used in medicines, flavors, and fragrances [ 1 , 2 ]. The aromatic properties of mints are derived from their essential oils, which are produced on leaves in glandular trichomes and extracted using steam distillation [ 1 , 3 ].…”

Section: Mint Production In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nearly 100 years after it was first identified in peppermint, Verticillium wilt continues to be the most important and destructive disease affecting commercial mint oil production in the United States [ 2 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Verticillium spp.…”

Section: Verticillium Wilt Of Mintmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genomic resources for Mentha are being developed to better understand the genetic basis of Verticillium wilt and oil biosynthesis, with the ultimate goal of producing Verticillium-resistant cultivars that yield commercially acceptable oils [ 2 ]. Research efforts in the U.S. have focused on the proposed progenitors of ‘Black Mitcham’ peppermint, M. suaveolens Ehrh., M. aquatica L., and M. longifolia (L.) Huds., some accessions of which have shown resistance to Verticillium wilt [ 127 , 128 ].…”

Section: Integrated Disease Management Of Verticillium Wiltmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Verticillium Wilt of Mint in the United States of America

Dung

2020

Plants

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Verticillium wilt, caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae, is the most important and destructive disease of mint (Mentha spp.) in the United States (U.S.). The disease was first observed in commercial mint fields in the Midwestern U.S. in the 1920s and, by the 1950s, was present in mint producing regions of the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Verticillium wilt continues to be a major limiting factor in commercial peppermint (Mentha x piperita) and Scotch spearmint (Mentha x gracilis) production, two of the most important sources of mint oil in the U.S. The perennial aspect of U.S. mint production, coupled with the soilborne, polyetic nature of V. dahliae, makes controlling Verticillium wilt in mint a challenge. Studies investigating the biology and genetics of the fungus, the molecular mechanisms of virulence and resistance, and the role of soil microbiota in modulating host-pathogen interactions are needed to improve our understanding of Verticillium wilt epidemiology and inform novel disease management strategies. This review will discuss the history and importance of Verticillium wilt in commercial U.S. mint production, as well as provide a format to highlight past and recent research advances in an effort to better understand and manage the disease.

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Morphological and genetic evidence suggest gene flow among native and naturalized mint species

Olofsson,

Tyler,

Dunning

et al. 2024

American J of Botany

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PremiseCultivation and naturalization of plants beyond their natural range can bring previously geographically isolated taxa together, increasing the opportunity for hybridization, the outcomes of which are not predictable. Here, we explored the phenotypic and genomic effects of interspecific gene flow following the widespread cultivation of Mentha spicata (spearmint), M. longifolia, and M. suaveolens.MethodsWe morphologically evaluated 155 herbarium specimens of three Mentha species and sequenced the genomes of a subset of 93 specimens. We analyzed the whole genomes in a population and the phylogenetic framework and associated genomic classifications in conjunction with the morphological assessments.ResultsThe allopolyploid M. spicata, which likely evolved in cultivation, had altered trichome characters, that is possibly a product of human selection for a more palatable plant or a byproduct of selection for essential oils. There were signs of genetic admixture between mints, including allopolyploids, indicating that the reproductive barriers between Mentha species with differences in ploidy are likely incomplete. Still, despite gene flow between species, we found that genetic variants associated with the cultivated trichome morphology continue to segregate.ConclusionsAlthough hybridization, allopolyploidization, and human selection during cultivation can increase species richness (e.g., by forming hybrid taxa), we showed that unless reproductive barriers are strong, these processes can also result in mixing of genes between species and the potential loss of natural biodiversity.

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Crop Wild Relatives as Germplasm Resource for Cultivar Improvement in Mint (Mentha L.)

Cited by 24 publications

References 42 publications

A Revised Phylogeny of the Mentha spicata Clade Reveals Cryptic Species

A Revised Phylogeny of the Mentha spicata Clade Reveals Cryptic Species

Verticillium Wilt of Mint in the United States of America

Morphological and genetic evidence suggest gene flow among native and naturalized mint species

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