Phylogeny and nomenclature of the genus Talaromyces and taxa accommodated in Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium

Abstract

The taxonomic history of anamorphic species attributed to Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium is reviewed, along with evidence supporting their relationship with teleomorphic species classified in Talaromyces. To supplement previous conclusions based on ITS, SSU and/or LSU sequencing that Talaromyces and subgenus Biverticillium comprise a monophyletic group that is distinct from Penicillium at the generic level, the phylogenetic relationships of these two groups with other genera of Trichocomaceae was further studied by sequencing a part of the RPB1 (RNA polymerase II largest subunit) gene. Talaromyces species and most species of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium sensu Pitt reside in a monophyletic clade distant from species of other subgenera of Penicillium. For detailed phylogenetic analysis of species relationships, the ITS region (incl. 5.8S nrDNA) was sequenced for the available type strains and/or representative isolates of Talaromyces and related biverticillate anamorphic species. Extrolite profiles were compiled for all type strains and many supplementary cultures. All evidence supports our conclusions that Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium is distinct from other subgenera in Penicillium and should be taxonomically unified with the Talaromyces species that reside in the same clade. Following the concepts of nomenclatural priority and single name nomenclature, we transfer all accepted species of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium to Talaromyces. A holomorphic generic diagnosis for the expanded concept of Talaromyces, including teleomorph and anamorph characters, is provided. A list of accepted Talaromyces names and newly combined Penicillium names is given. Species of biotechnological and medical importance, such as P. funiculosum and P. marneffei, are now combined in Talaromyces. Excluded species and taxa that need further taxonomic study are discussed. An appendix lists other generic names, usually considered synonyms of Penicillium sensu lato that were considered prior to our adoption of the name Talaromyces.Taxonomic novelties:Taxonomic novelties: New species – Talaromyces apiculatus Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, sp. nov. New combinations and names – Talaromyces aculeatus (Raper & Fennell) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. albobiverticillius (H.-M. Hsieh, Y.-M. Ju & S.-Y. Hsieh) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. allahabadensis (B.S. Mehrotra & D. Kumar) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. aurantiacus (J.H. Mill., Giddens & A.A. Foster) Samson, Yilmaz, & Frisvad, T. boninensis (Yaguchi & Udagawa) Samson, Yilmaz, & Frisvad, T. brunneus (Udagawa) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. calidicanius (J.L. Chen) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. cecidicola (Seifert, Hoekstra & Frisvad) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. coalescens (Quintan.) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. dendriticus (Pitt) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. diversus (Raper & Fennell) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. duclauxii (Delacr.) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. echinosporus (Nehira) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, comb. nov. T. erythromellis (A.D....

The genome sequence of the soft-rot fungus Penicillium purpurogenum reveals a high gene dosage for lignocellulolytic enzymes

“…Our phylogenetics analysis (Figure 1) locates P. purpurogenum in the Penicillium genus and recovers the known phylogenetic relations among Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Talaromyces and Penicillium (Samson et al 2011; Houbraken et al 2014) where Penicillium is located closer to Aspergillus than to Talaromyces . Also, within Penicillium , we recover the current two subgenus classification (Houbraken et al 2014), which corresponds to Aspergilloides ( Penicillium A) and Penicillium ( Penicillium B) and we locate P. purpurogenum as member of the subgenus Aspergilloides .…”

Phylogenetic relationships and the newly discovered sexual state of Talaromyces flavovirens, comb. nov.

“…The aligned data set of Talaromyces species was 471 bp long. Talaromyces flavovirens was resolved as a subclade of clade1, as described by Samson et al (2011). Bootstrap supports were low for branches within this clade.…”

“…compiled from Samson et al (2011). Reference strains of closely related and other synnema-producing species were included in a more focussed analysis of the β-tubulin gene region.…”

“…Therefore, in this paper we introduce the new combination Talaromyces flavovirens and report our efforts to document the connection of the newly recognized sexual stage and its better-known synnematous stage. To supplement the recent phylogenetic analysis of Talaromyces by Samson et al (2011), we also present the results of ITS and β-tubulin sequencing of multiple strains of this fungus, demonstrating its coherence as a phylogenetic species and confirming its relationships with other asexual Talaromyces species.…”

Four novel Talaromyces species isolated from leaf litter from Colombian Amazon rain forests

“…The genus was initially described for teleomorphic species with a Penicillium or Penicillium-like anamorph that produces soft-walled ascomata covered by interwoven hyphae. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and extrolite data, and following the concept of single-name nomenclature, Samson et al (2011) transferred all accepted species of Penicillium subg. Biverticillium to Talaromyces.…”