Skin blood flow and local temperature independently modify sweat rate during passive heat stress in humans

Wingo, Jonathan E.; Low, David A.; Keller, David M.; Brothers, R. Matthew; Shibasaki, Manabu; Crandall, Craig G.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00646.2010

Cited by 98 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These consist primarily of changes in vasomotor tone (i.e. vasoconstriction and vasodilation) (164,307) and in sudomotor activity (i.e. sweating) (56,96,211,286) as well as in the activation of shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis (220,225,276,311).…”

Section: Autonomic Temperature Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiology of Skin Thermal Sensations

Filingeri

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

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Undoubtedly, adjusting our thermoregulatory behavior represents the most effective mechanism to maintain thermal homeostasis and ensure survival in the diverse thermal environments that we face on this planet. Remarkably, our thermal behavior is entirely dependent on the ability to detect variations in our internal (i.e. body) and external environment, via sensing changes in skin temperature and wetness. In the past 30 years, we have seen a significant expansion of our understanding of the molecular, neuroanatomical and neurophysiological mechanisms that allow humans to sense temperature and humidity. The discovery of temperature-activated ion channels which gate the generation of action potentials in thermosensitive neurons, along with the characterization of the spino-thalamo-cortical thermosensory pathway, and the development of neural models for the perception of skin wetness, are only some of the recent advances which have provided incredible insights on how biophysical changes in skin temperature and wetness are transduced into those neural signals which constitute the physiological substrate of skin thermal and wetness sensations. Understanding how afferent thermal inputs are integrated and how these contribute to behavioral and autonomic thermoregulatory responses under normal brain function is critical to determine how these mechanisms are disrupted in those neurological conditions which see the concurrent presence of afferent thermosensory abnormalities and efferent thermoregulatory dysfunctions. Furthermore, advancing the knowledge on skin thermal and wetness sensations is crucial to support the development of neuro-prosthetics. In light of the above, this review will focus on the peripheral and central neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning skin thermal and wetness sensations in humans.

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Section: Autonomic Temperature Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiology of Skin Thermal Sensations

Filingeri

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

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“…While this 391 hypothesis is supported by greater cutaneous vasodilation during the no fan condition when 392 elevations in heart rate were observed at 36°C, a separation in heart rate between fan conditions 393 (Z2) was observed without any preceding differences in cutaneous vasodilation at 42°C (Table 394 3). Alternatively, a higher mean skin temperature at 42°C with fan use could have theoretically 395 led to greater cutaneous vasodilation (Rowell et al 1970;Wyss et al 1975;Wingo et al 2010) 396…”

Section: Skin Blood Flow 322mentioning

confidence: 99%

The biophysical and physiological basis for mitigated elevations in heart rate with electric fan use in extreme heat and humidity

et al. 2016

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“…It is known that the sweating response differs regionally (18,19,24,27,40,41) and that many factors affect the differences, such as local skin temperatures (31,47). Because we could not control local skin temperatures in the present study, we calculated the mean values of SR based on measurements on the forehead, chest, and forearm to evaluate the nonglabrous sweating response (SR mean).…”

Section: R729mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweating response to passive stretch of the calf muscle during activation of forearm muscle metaboreceptors in heated humans

Amano

Ichinose

Nishiyasu

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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-Activation of muscle metaboreceptors and mechanoreceptors has been shown to independently influence the sweating response, while their integrative control effects remain unclear. We examined the sweating response when the two muscle receptors are concurrently activated in different limbs, as well as the blood pressure response. In total, 27 young males performed passive calf muscle stretches (muscle mechanoreceptor activation) for 30 s in a semisupine position with and without postisometric handgrip exercise muscle ischemia (PEMI, muscle metaboreceptor activation) at exercise intensities of 35 and 50% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) under hot conditions (ambient temperature, 35°C, relative humidity, 50%). Passive calf muscle stretching alone increased the mean sweating rate significantly on the forehead, chest, and thigh (SRmean) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), but not the heart rate (HR), from prestretching levels by 0.04 Ϯ 0.01 mg·cm 2 ·min Ϫ1 , 4.0 Ϯ 1.3 mmHg (P Ͻ 0.05), and Ϫ1.0 Ϯ 0.5 beats/min (P Ͼ 0.05), respectively. The SRmean and MAP during PEMI were significantly higher than those at rest. The passive calf muscle stretch during PEMI increased MAP significantly by 3.4 Ϯ 1.0 and 2.0 Ϯ 0.7 mmHg for 35 and 50% of MVC, respectively (P Ͻ 0.05), but not that of SRmean or HR at either exercise intensity. These results suggest that sweating and blood pressure responses to concurrent activation of the two muscle receptors in different limbs differ and that the influence of calf muscle mechanoreceptor activation alone on the sweating response disappears during forearm muscle metaboreceptor activation. nonthermal factors; group III and IV muscle afferents; thermoregulation; sympathetic nervous system; sweat gland THE SWEATING RESPONSE DURING exercise is controlled not only by core and skin temperatures (thermal factors) but also by exercise-related (nonthermal) factors, such as afferent inputs from working muscles. It is well known that group III muscle afferents are stimulated predominantly by mechanically sensitive muscle mechanoreceptors, whereas group IV muscle afferents are stimulated mainly by chemically sensitive muscle metaboreceptors. Activation of muscle metaboreceptors by postexercise muscle ischemia (PEMI) under normothermic and mildly hot conditions induces sweating (2, 4, 22, 38). Additionally, Kondo et al. (23) reported that activating the muscle mechanoreceptors by passive limb movement for 2 min evoked slight sweating under hot conditions. Furthermore, the muscle mechanoreflex increases the sweating response during passive recovery (passive limb movement using a tandem ergometer) compared with inactive recovery (resting) after cycling (20,39). These studies suggest that the isolated activation of muscle metaboreceptors and mechanoreceptors can independently affect sweating responses. However, the sweating response is presumably controlled by integrative mechanisms, based on afferent signals from muscle metaboreceptors and mechanoreceptors because physiological integrative control h...

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Skin blood flow and local temperature independently modify sweat rate during passive heat stress in humans

Cited by 98 publications

References 33 publications

Neurophysiology of Skin Thermal Sensations

Neurophysiology of Skin Thermal Sensations

The biophysical and physiological basis for mitigated elevations in heart rate with electric fan use in extreme heat and humidity

Sweating response to passive stretch of the calf muscle during activation of forearm muscle metaboreceptors in heated humans

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