Proteins induced by aerobiosis in Escherichia coli

Smith, Mark W.; Neidhardt, Frederick C.

doi:10.1128/jb.154.1.344-350.1983

Cited by 178 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…The levels of TCA-cycle enzymes are influenced by at least three factors: (1) the presence or absence of molecular oxygen33; (2) the repressive effect of glucose (catabolite r e p r e s~i o n ) '~*~~; and (3) the balance between catabolic and anabolic demands on the cycle dictated by the nutritional b a c k g r o~n d .~.~~,~~ The lowest TCA-cycle enzyme levels are found in anaerobically grown cells; however, both aerobic and anaerobic cells exhibit variations in enzyme content depending upon the medium in which they are 4. grown. 14,15,38,39 The most dramatic nutritional effects are related to glucose metabolism. Glucose markedly represses the formation of TCA-cycle enzymes in cells grown on a complex medium, yet this repression is partially alleviated when cells are grown in a synthetic mineral salts medium with glucose, because then the TCA cycle has increased use for synthetic purposes.…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Cell Materials From Glucosementioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated metabolic modeling approach to describe the energy efficiency of Escherichia coli fermentations under oxygen‐limited conditions: Cellular energetics, carbon flux, and acetate production

Bentley

Weigand

1993

Biotech & Bioengineering

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An integrated metabolic model for the production of acetate by growing Escherichia coli on glucose under aerobic conditions is presented. The model is based on parameters which are easily determined by experiments. Forming the basis for this integrated metabolic model are the 12 principal precursor metabolites for biosynthetic pathways, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, the pentose phosphate cycle, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the anapleurotic reactions, the Crabtree effect, the Pasteur effect, and the details of bacterial respiration. The result can be used to explain phenomena often observed in industrial fermentations, i.e., increased acetate production which follows from high glucose uptake rate, a low oxygen concentration, a high specific growth rate, or a combination of these conditions.

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Section: Biosynthesis Of Cell Materials From Glucosementioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated metabolic modeling approach to describe the energy efficiency of Escherichia coli fermentations under oxygen‐limited conditions: Cellular energetics, carbon flux, and acetate production

Bentley

Weigand

1993

Biotech & Bioengineering

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“…Similar techniques indicate that there are 33 anaerobically-inducible proteins in Salmonella typhimurium [10]. Conversely, some 19 proteins are induced by aerobic growth; these include the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, several citric acid cycle enzymes and a superoxide dismutase [7,8]. By screening a large number of random gene fusions Clark [11] has estimated that at least 47 genes are induced by ozygen limitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The enzymes required for growth under aerobic and anaerobic conditions are clearly different, and this is reflected in changes in the patterns of protein biosynthesis that accompany aerobicanaerobic shifts. Proteins whose expression varies with changes in oxygen tension have been enumerated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using cultures of E. coli grown aerobically and anaerobically [7][8][9]. It has been estimated from these studies that the expression of 18-23 polypeptides is induced by a shift from aerobic to anaerobic growth, when glucose is the carbon source [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FNR and its role in oxygen-regulated gene expression in Escherichia coli

Spiro

1990

FEMS Microbiology Letters

205

306

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Bacteria which can grow in different environments have developed regulatory systems which allow them to exploit specific habitats to their best advantage. In the facultative anaerobe Escherichia coli two transcriptional regulators controlling independent networks of oxygen‐regulated gene expression have been identified. One is a two‐component sensor‐regulator system (ArcB‐A), which represses a wide variety of aerobic enzymes under anaerobic conditions. The other is FNR, the transcriptional regulator which is essential for expressing anaerobic respiratory processes. The purpose of this review is to summarize what is known about FNR. The fnr gene was initially defined by the isolation of some pleiotropic mutants which characteristically lacked the ability to use fumarate and nitrate as reducible substrates for supporting anaerobic growth and several other anaerobic respiratory functions. Its role as a transcripitonal regulator emerged from genetic and molecular studies in which its homology with CRP (the cyclic AMP receptor protein which mediates catabolite repression) was established and has since been particularly important in identifying the structural basis of its regulatory specificities. FNR is a member of a growing family of CRP‐related regulatory proteins which have a DNA‐binding domain based on the helix‐turn‐helix structural motif, and a characteristic β‐roll that is involved in nucleotide‐binding in CRP. The FNR protein has been isolated in a monomeric form (Mr 30 000) which exhibits a high but as yet non‐specific affinity for DNA. Nevertheless, the DNA‐recognition site and important residues conferring the functional specificity of FNR have been defined by site‐directed mutagenesis. A consensus for the sequences that are recognized by FNR in the promoter regions of FNR‐regulated genes, has likewise been identified. The basic features of genes and operons regulated by FNR are reviewed, and examples in which FNR functions negatively as an anaerobic repressor as well as positively as an anaerobic activator, are included. Less is known about the way in which FNR senses anoxia and is thereby transformed into its ‘active’s form, but it seems likely that It is clear that oxygen functions as a regulatory signal controlling several important aspects of mitcrobial physiology, and further studies should reveal the molecular basis of the mechanism by which changes in oxygen tension are sensed. The recent identification of FNR homologues in diverse microorganisms points to the widespread importance of this family of regulatory proteins. Moreover, the function of these proteins is not limited to the regulation of anaerobic respiration but includes roles in the regulation of nitrogen fixation and haemolysin biosynthesis. The ability to over‐ride these regulatory mechanisms may have useful biotechnological applications, and it could also be important in controlling pathogenesis. It is anticipated that further studies will provide insights into the way in which these regulatory proteins with common evolut...

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“…Growth arrest conditions are likeiy to activate several signals and unlinked regulatory systems in the cell. To avoid confusion, Smith and Neidhardt (1983b) therefore proposed the use of the term stimuion to refer to the entire set of genes/proteins responding to a given environmental stimulus. The majority of the genes/proteins of a stimulon are.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The glucose‐starvation stimulon of Escherichia coli: induced and repressed synthesis of enzymes of central metabolic pathways and role of acetyl phosphate in gene expression and starvation survival

Nyström

1994

Molecular Microbiology

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Proteins of the glucose-starvation stimulon were identified by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the gene-protein database of Escherichia coli. Members of this stimulon included enzymes of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway, phosphotransacetylase (Pta) and acetate kinase (AckA) of the acetyl phosphate/acetate production pathway, and formate transacetylase. The synthesis of these enzymes was found to be induced concomitantly with the decreased synthesis of enzymes of the Krebs cycle. Thus, the modulation in the synthesis of specific proteins during aerobic glucose starvation is, in part, similar to the response of cells shifted to anaerobiosis. These modulations suggest that the glucose-starved cell increases the relative flow of carbon through the Pta-AckA pathway. Indeed, the ability to synthesize acetyl phosphate, an intermediate of the pathway, appears to be indispensable for glucose-starved cells as pta and pta-ackA double mutants were found to be impaired in their ability to survive glucose starvation. The survival characteristics of ackA mutants and the wild-type parent were indistinguishable. Moreover, the pta mutant failed to induce several proteins of the glucose-starvation stimulon.

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Proteins induced by aerobiosis in Escherichia coli

Cited by 178 publications

References 24 publications

An integrated metabolic modeling approach to describe the energy efficiency of Escherichia coli fermentations under oxygen‐limited conditions: Cellular energetics, carbon flux, and acetate production

An integrated metabolic modeling approach to describe the energy efficiency of Escherichia coli fermentations under oxygen‐limited conditions: Cellular energetics, carbon flux, and acetate production

FNR and its role in oxygen-regulated gene expression in Escherichia coli

The glucose‐starvation stimulon of Escherichia coli: induced and repressed synthesis of enzymes of central metabolic pathways and role of acetyl phosphate in gene expression and starvation survival

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