Elsinoë fawcettii and Elsinoë australis: the fungal pathogens causing citrus scab

Abstract

Citrus tissues infested with Elsinoë often display erumpent scab pustules with a warty appearance. TOXIN PRODUCTION: Elsinochrome and many perylenequinone-containing phytotoxins of fungal origin are grouped as photosensitizing compounds that are able to absorb light energy, react with oxygen molecules and produce reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide and singlet oxygen. Elsinochrome has been documented to cause peroxidation of cell membranes and to induce rapid electrolyte leakage from citrus tissues. Elsinochrome biosynthesis and conidiation are coordinately regulated in E. fawcettii, and the environmental and physiological inducers commonly involved in both processes have begun to be elucidated.

Phytotoxic secondary metabolites and peptides produced by plant pathogenicDothideomycetefungi

“…2) pigments synthesized by many Elsinoë species, including Elsinoë fawcettii and Elsinoë australis that are important pathogens of various citrus species (Chung, 2011). 2) pigments synthesized by many Elsinoë species, including Elsinoë fawcettii and Elsinoë australis that are important pathogens of various citrus species (Chung, 2011).…”

Improved Method to Increase Conidia Production from Isolates of Different Pathotypes of Citrus Scab Pathogen Elsinoe spp.

“…In addition to hyaline conidia, E. fawcettii produces colored and spindleshaped conidia that can germinate and produce hyaline conidia on scab lesions, although E. australis does not produce such conidia (Fig. 1D) (Chung, 2011;Gopal et al, 2014). Because colonies of E. fawcettii and E. australis do not sporulate in artificial media including PDA, Whiteside's method has been widely used for preparing conidia inoculum in vitro (Hyun et al, 2001;Whiteside, 1975).…”

Black Scab of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) in Australia Caused by a Putative New Pathotype of Elsinoë australis

“…scabiosa (McAlpine & Tyron) Jenkins from citrus (23), E. ampelina from grape (16), and a number of species (E. banksiae, E. leucospermi, E. proteae, and S. protearum) from the family Proteaceae (19). Although E. australis is difficult to differentiate from E. fawcettii, a common pathogen of citrus, based on spore morphology and cultural characteristics (23), the species can be readily differentiated using pathogenicity (23) or molecular techniques (7,12,21). Hyun et al (12) reported a new pathotype of E. australis from Korea which could only infect the fruit of natsudaidai.…”