A “Novel” Protocol for the Analysis of Hydroxycinnamic Acids in Leaf Tissue of Chicory (Cichorium intybusL., Asteraceae)

Abstract

A “novel” protocol is presented for easy and reliable estimation of soluble hydroxycinnamate levels in Cichorium intybus L. leaf tissue in large-scale experiments. Samples were standardized by punching 6 discs per leaf, and hydroxycinnamates were extracted by submerging the discs in 80% ethanol with 5% acetic acid for at least 48 h in the darkness at 4°C. Residual dry mass of the discs was used for a posteriori correction of compound levels. Chlorophyll was eliminated by chloroform, and the aqueous phases were transferred to microplates, dried, and dissolved in 50% methanol for HPLC analysis and storage. An HPLC program of 8 min was developed for the analysis of the extracts. Comparisons with extractions of liquid nitrogen powders indicated that the novel extraction method was reliable. No degradation of the major hydroxycinnamates—caftaric, chlorogenic, and chicoric acids—was observed, during maceration at ambient temperatures, or after storage for 1 year.

Identification and Characterization of Five BAHD Acyltransferases Involved in Hydroxycinnamoyl Ester Metabolism in Chicory

“…They are present in fruits and vegetables and they represent important antioxidant molecules with multiple applications for cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. Industrial chicory accumulates four main caffeic esters, i.e., 3-CQA, 3,5-diCQA, CTA, and diCTA (this work; Kandeler and Ullrich, 2009 ; Bahri et al, 2012 ). An additional CQA isomer, i.e., 5-CQA known as neochlorogenic acid was also detected in root tissues (this work).…”

“…Chicory ( Cichorium intybus L.) is a member of the Asteraceae family used for a long time in traditional medicine. This is notably due to the accumulation of high-value health promoting compounds such as CQA, diCQA, CTA, and diCTA ( Kandeler and Ullrich, 2009 ; Bahri et al, 2012 ). Indeed, many health benefit effects are attributed to these molecules when isolated ( Tousch et al, 2008 ; Koriem and Soliman, 2014 ; Yasir et al, 2016 ).…”

A Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Chlorogenic Acid and Sesquiterpene Lactone Content in Industrial Chicory Root Foodstuffs

“…Organic acids are known to penetrate and destabilize agent membranes [ 27 ]. As such, acetic acid (AAC) and formic acid (FA) were tested in addition to the methanol mixture to maximize extraction.…”

Thermochemical methylation of lignin to produce high value aromatic compounds

“…After the extraction was complete, the sample was made up to 100mLwith methanol and sonicated for 5 minutes followed by filtering for HPLC analysis (Hertog et al, 1992). Bahri et al (2012) used HPLC analysis to identify and quantify hydroxycinnamic acids in the leaf tissue of Chicory. The acids were extracted using ethanol and acetic acid followed by HPLC analyses on the extract.…”

“…The acids were extracted using ethanol and acetic acid followed by HPLC analyses on the extract. The HPLC method was completed using the following parameters (Bahri et al, 2012): The results for caftaric, chlorogenic, and chicoric acids were reported. Fritz and Moore (1987), used high-resolution gas chromatography to determine phenolics including hydroxycinnamic acids in lignin (Fritz & Moore, 1987).…”