Spikelet structure and development in Cyperoideae (Cyperaceae): a monopodial general model based on ontogenetic evidence

Vrijdaghs, Alexander; Reynders, Marc; Larridon, Isabel; Muasya, A. Muthama; Smets, Erik; Goetghebeur, Paul

doi:10.1093/aob/mcq010

Cited by 42 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Recently, Vrijdaghs et al (2010) addressed the structure of the spikelet based on an ontogenetic approach in subfamily Cyperoideae (Cyperaceae) and concluded that the spikelet is indeterminate (monopodial); our observations on Rhynchospora agree with this model of spikelet development. Furthermore, our results contrast with the conclusion of Browning and Gordon-Gray (1995); these authors, studying mature spikelets of Rhynchospora gracillima ssp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evolution and Development of the Spikelet and Flower ofRhynchospora(Cyperaceae)

Lucero

Vegetti

Reinheimer

2014

International Journal of Plant Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Editor: Elizabeth A. KelloggPremise of research. Rhynchospora, one of the biggest genera of sedges, displays several spikelet and flower modifications and is one of a few genera where the pollination strategy changes from wind to insect pollination; however, the mechanisms that have promoted such diversity in the genus are unknown. We have performed a comparative study of spikelet and flower development of Rhynchospora from an evolutionary perspective to get insight into the bases of spikelet and flower evolution. Particularly, we investigate correlations between the change from wind to insect pollination that occur in the genus and the spikelet and flower traits.Methodology. The spikelet and flower development of nine species of Rhynchospora were studied using SEM images. Parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian reconstruction analyses were conducted to evaluate the evolutionary history of flower and spikelet developmental programs.Pivotal results. We identified seven morphological and developmental traits that vary among Rhynchospora species; ancestral character reconstructions show that the spikelet and flower morphology and their developmental pathways support the diversification of Rhynchospora lineages. Conclusions.Our results suggest that the evolution of spikelet and flower developmental programs in Rhynchospora may be related to the evolution of its pollination type and mating system. The evolution toward a bisexual spikelet and flowers in which the androecium develops faster than the gynoecium may represent important steps for the transition from a wind-to insect-pollination system. In addition, we found new traits of spikelets and flowers that may help to distinguish natural groups within Rhynchospora.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…The spikelet of subfamily Cyperoideae has been described as having sterile glumes distichously or spirally arranged depending on the genus (Eiten 1976;Goetghebeur 1998;Vrijdaghs et al 2010). The spikelet of Rhynchospora may have two or three basal sterile glumes and several distal fertile glumes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Development of the Spikelet and Flower ofRhynchospora(Cyperaceae)

Lucero

Vegetti

Reinheimer

2014

International Journal of Plant Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Such metatopies arise either because the lateral axis is congenitally fused with the main axis for some distance (concaulescence) or the pherophyll is congenitally fused with the lateral axis for some distance (recaulescence; Troll, 1957). Metatopies are common in some larger clades, such as Polemoniaceae (Weberling & Troll, 1998), Solanaceae (Danert, 1958; Huber, 1980), and Cyperaceae (Vrijdaghs et al, 2010).…”

Section: Other Inflorescence Characteristics Not Connected With a Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling confusions in inflorescence morphology: Patterns and diversity of reproductive shoot ramification in angiosperms

Endress

2010

Journal of Systematics and Evolution

174

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Terminology of inflorescence diversity has often been used in a confusing way in the literature, partly because it was based on uncritical and outdated definitions. In particular, the terms cyme, thyrse, and panicle have been misused. Although a more critical classification worked out by several authors is available, it is unfortunately not in general use because most of the relevant publications are written in German. In addition, some terms have not been used in the same way by morphologists and developmental geneticists. The present review attempts to remedy the situation with a simple outline of a classification based on: (i) different branching patterns; (ii) differential elongation of axes of different orders; and (iii) repetition of basic ramification patterns in different ways. Racemose and cymose branching are two extreme patterns; the former with limitation of axial orders to two, the second with limitation of lateral axes of each order to two. In a branching system, a sequence of racemose → cymose and, within the cyme, of dichasial → monochasial is common, but the reverse sequence generally does not occur. Systematic and evolutionary aspects of inflorescences are briefly discussed. Branching patterns are often stable in larger clades. Inflorescences of mutants studied in developmental genetic studies are mainly altered in flower or branch numbers or relative branch length, but not in branching patterns. This is also a contribution towards the goal of a unified terminology for the different fields of biology dealing with inflorescences. Key words branching patterns, cymose, inflorescence, panicle, racemose, reproductive shoot, thyrse.Whereas flowers have been in center of interest in many branches of plant science, including morphological, developmental, functional, biological, ecological, and evolutionary aspects, inflorescences have received much less attention. Except for the studies by W. Troll and collaborators (e.g. Troll & Weber, 1953, 1955Troll, 1957Troll, , 1964Troll, , 1969Weberling, 1965Weberling, , 1989aTroll & Weberling, 1989;Weberling & Troll, 1998), no broad critical comparative morphological studies on inflorescences were undertaken in the past century. Because Troll's works were published in German, they did not get proper attention at a world scale. The most recent, but now rather dated, general treatments of morphological inflorescence classification by an author writing in English were provided by Rickett (1944Rickett ( , 1955. He used the presence or absence of terminal flowers, branching patterns, relative branch length, and the sequence of flower opening in an inflorescence as important criteria for a basic inflorescence classification. However, branching patterns and sequence of flower opening involve two very different realms of development; the first deals with initial stages of branching, the second with

show abstract

“…1) were examined at early and mature stages (see appendix 1 of Vrijdaghs et al 2010), of which only a representative selection of illustrative examples is presented here (table 3). Numbering of glumes and subtended flowers was done from most recently originated (1) to oldest (n), in order to avoid abstract numbers in spikelets with many and/or a variable number of (flower subtending) glumes.…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gynoecial anatomy and development in Cyperoideae (Cyperaceae, Poales): congenital fusion of carpels facilitates evolutionary modifications in pistil structure

Reynders¹,

Vrijdaghs²,

Larridon³

et al. 2012

Plecevo

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and aims -In Cyperaceae, the single-ovuled, usually triangular gynoecia are widely considered to have a basic number of three carpels, often reduced to two, resulting in dimerous pistils. However, laterally flattened dimerous pistils cannot be explained by any existing carpel reduction theories, because a single stigma in median position replaces the two adaxial stigmata. This paper presents a comparative study of the ontogenetic and anatomical adaptations facilitating the origin of new pistil forms in Cyperoideae, focusing on modified gynoecia. It includes a re-evaluation of Blaser's (1941) anatomical studies in Cyperaceae. We aim to test Blaser's hypothesis that is based on an acropetal developmental model of the floral vasculature and the general Cyperoid ontogenetic model of Vrijdaghs et al. (2009), which states that cyperoid ovaries originate from an annular primordium. Methods -SEM, dark field and phase contrast microscopy. Key Results -All cyperoid pistils studied develop according to a cyperoid floral ontogenetic pattern, in which carpel primordia are congenitally fused. In Pycreus sanguinolentus (and other species), separate procambial initiation zones were observed in both the flower receptacle and separate floral primordia, which connect (or not) at later developmental stages. Conclusions -The presence of an annular ovary primordium instead of individual carpel primordia, combined with the bidirectional development of the pistil vasculature liberate the developing gynoecium from the structural constraints proper to a typical carpellate organisation. Procambial initiation zones in the receptacular vascular plexus and in individual floral primordia constitute the basis for the formation of a flexible vascular system in cyperoid flowers. Moreover the development of the ovary and ovule are decoupled. Consequently, in Cyperoideae the acquired developmental freedom of the pistil resulted in various adaptations. Genus Model (fig. 3) Bolboschoenus (Asch.) Palla (as Scirpus L.) A1/B1 Carex L. A2/B2 Cyperus L. A2 Dulichium Pers. C1 Eleocharis R.Br. (as Heleocharis T.Lestib.) A2/C2 Eriophorum L. A1 Fimbristylis Vahl A2/B2 Lipocarpha R.Br. A2/B2 Pycreus P. Beauv. (as Cyperus L.) D1 Rhynchospora Vahl B1/B2/C1/C2 Schoenoplectus (Rchb.) Palla (as Scirpus L.) A1/B1

show abstract

Spikelet structure and development in Cyperoideae (Cyperaceae): a monopodial general model based on ontogenetic evidence

Cited by 42 publications

References 13 publications

Evolution and Development of the Spikelet and Flower ofRhynchospora(Cyperaceae)

Evolution and Development of the Spikelet and Flower ofRhynchospora(Cyperaceae)

Disentangling confusions in inflorescence morphology: Patterns and diversity of reproductive shoot ramification in angiosperms

Gynoecial anatomy and development in Cyperoideae (Cyperaceae, Poales): congenital fusion of carpels facilitates evolutionary modifications in pistil structure

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About