Molecular phylogenetics of New Caledonian Diospyros (Ebenaceae) using plastid and nuclear markers

Turner, Barbara; Munzinger, Jérôme; Duangjai, Sutee; Temsch, Eva M.; Stockenhuber, Reinhold; Barfuss, Michael H. J.; Chase, Mark W.; Samuel, Rosabelle

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.07.002

Cited by 32 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Although the genome size of the New Caledonian Diospyros species (1C-value: 1.5 – 2.3 pg; [13]) is smaller than the mean 1C-value of eudicots (2.7 pg, [47]), we found the AFLP profiles generated with Msel primers with four selective bases much clearer than those obtained from primers with just three selective bases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Of the 31 New Caledonian Diospyros species, 24 belong to this clade of closely related endemics. In previous analyses, this strongly supported group is related to species found on islands throughout the Indian and Pacific Oceans as far east as Hawai’i [12,13]. However, due to extremely low levels of sequence divergence, it was not possible to tease apart relationships between these species (they formed a hard polytomy in most individual trees, and there was little informative variation that permitted clustering of pairs or groups of species).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…In the combined data set (plastid and nuclear markers; [13]) only seven of the 21 species included were found to form highly supported groups of accessions from single species. Individuals belonging to each of the remaining 14 species failed to cluster according to their taxonomic circumscription.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analyses of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) indicate rapid radiation of Diospyros species (Ebenaceae) endemic to New Caledonia

et al. 2013

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BackgroundRadiation in some plant groups has occurred on islands and due to the characteristic rapid pace of phenotypic evolution, standard molecular markers often provide insufficient variation for phylogenetic reconstruction. To resolve relationships within a clade of 21 closely related New Caledonian Diospyros species and evaluate species boundaries we analysed genome-wide DNA variation via amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP).ResultsA neighbour-joining (NJ) dendrogram based on Dice distances shows all species except D. minimifolia, D. parviflora and D. vieillardii to form unique clusters of genetically similar accessions. However, there was little variation between these species clusters, resulting in unresolved species relationships and a star-like general NJ topology. Correspondingly, analyses of molecular variance showed more variation within species than between them. A Bayesian analysis with BEAST produced a similar result. Another Bayesian method, this time a clustering method, Structure, demonstrated the presence of two groups, highly congruent with those observed in a principal coordinate analysis (PCO). Molecular divergence between the two groups is low and does not correspond to any hypothesised taxonomic, ecological or geographical patterns.ConclusionsWe hypothesise that such a pattern could have been produced by rapid and complex evolution involving a widespread progenitor for which an initial split into two groups was followed by subsequent fragmentation into many diverging populations, which was followed by range expansion of then divergent entities. Overall, this process resulted in an opportunistic pattern of phenotypic diversification. The time since divergence was probably insufficient for some species to become genetically well-differentiated, resulting in progenitor/derivative relationships being exhibited in a few cases. In other cases, our analyses may have revealed evidence for the existence of cryptic species, for which more study of morphology and ecology are now required.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Analyses of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) indicate rapid radiation of Diospyros species (Ebenaceae) endemic to New Caledonia

et al. 2013

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“…Additional studies, including Pillon's () review based on 12 plant lineages and subsequent studies based on dated phylogenetic trees in Ficus L. section Oreosycea (Miq.) Corner (Moraceae) and their Dolichoris pollinators (Hymenoptera, Agaonidae) (Cruaud et al ., ), Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae, Turner et al ., ) and Psychotrieae (Rubiaceae, Barrabé et al ., ), also concluded that the presence of each of these groups in New Caledonia dates back to < 35 Mya. Our phylogenetic analysis using 91% of Pycnandra spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Island life - classification, speciation and cryptic species ofPycnandra(Sapotaceae) in New Caledonia

et al. 2015

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Pycnandra (Sapotaceae), the largest endemic genus in New Caledonia, comprises 66 species classified in six subgenera. We tested phylogenetic relationships and a proposed infrageneric classification by sampling 60 species for sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ETS, ITS, RPB2) and plastid DNA (trnH-psbA) and nine morphological characters. Data were analysed with Bayesian inference, parsimony jackknifing and lineage through time. We recovered a phylogenetic tree supporting the recognition of six proposed subgenera (Achradotypus, Leptostylis, Pycnandra, Sebertia, Trouettia and Wagapensia). Because a subgeneric classification is used, the nomenclature will be stable when the members are transferred to Pycnandra. Morphological traits were optimized in the BEAST analysis, adding evidence to earlier work that morphology has limited value for successfully diagnosing groups in Sapotaceae. We confirm a previously suspected case of cryptic species that exhibit the same morphological features and require the same abiotic conditions, but are distantly related in the phylogenetic tree. We detected two possible new cases of cryptic sibling species that might warrant recognition. A slowdown in speciation rate in several genera has been suggested as evidence that New Caledonia was once submerged after rifting from Australia. Plotting lineages through time reveals two important intervals at 7.5-8.6 Ma and present to 1.5 Ma, when net molecular diversification within the genus was zero. This indicates that the genus presently has reached a dynamic equilibrium, providing additional evidence that New Caledonia is an old Darwinian island, being submerged during the Eocene and colonized after re-emergence c. 37 Ma.

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“…The edible, fruit-yielding varieties are D. virginiana L. potassium, calcium, sodium, copper, zinc and magnesium (Mir-Marques et al 2015;Turner et al 2013). Diospyros species are considered important medicinal sources in the tropical regions and different parts of the plants, including the roots, bark, fruits and leaves, have been Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic and Analgesic Activities of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) Leaves in Animal Model used traditionally for the treatment of many diseases, such as hypertension, dermatitis, constipation, lumbago, insomnia, atherosclerosis, asthma and HIV/AIDS (Xie et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic and Analgesic Activities of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) Leaves in Animal Model

Shahat¹,

Alqahtani²,

Ullah³

et al. 2020

IJAR

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Diospyros kaki L. (Ebenaceae) fruit and leaves are traditionally used for the treatment of hypertension and angina, as well as for their antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of Diospyros kaki L. (Ebenaceae) in order to scientifically validate its pharmacological importance. In the current study, the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of ethyl acetate (Per-1), n-butanol (Per-2) and aqueous (Per-3) fractions of a methanol extract of Persimmon leaves were tested. Wistar rats weighing 190–210 g (for the anti-inflammatory assay) and male albino mice (Swiss) weighing 18–24 g (for the antipyretic and analgesic assays) were utilized as the experimental animals. The rats were separated into eight groups (for anti-inflammatory) and seven group (for antipyretic), each consisting of six rats. Each sample was treated orally and two doses: 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight were used in these experiments. The Per-3 sample at a dose of 200 mg/kg produced the highest inflammation inhibition at 59.28%. The same sample at a dose of 200 mg/kg lowered body temperature from 38°C of hyperthermia mice back to 36.65 ± 0.12°C after 120 min, close to the normal temperature (35.21 ± 0.29°C). In the tail flick model, sample Per-3 showed 67.74% highest nociception inhibition. Similar results were obtained with Acetic acid and hot-plate assay. These results confirm that the n-butanol and aqueous fractions of persimmon are active and may be used for further pharmacological screening.

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Molecular phylogenetics of New Caledonian Diospyros (Ebenaceae) using plastid and nuclear markers

Cited by 32 publications

References 75 publications

Analyses of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) indicate rapid radiation of Diospyros species (Ebenaceae) endemic to New Caledonia

Analyses of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) indicate rapid radiation of Diospyros species (Ebenaceae) endemic to New Caledonia

Island life - classification, speciation and cryptic species ofPycnandra(Sapotaceae) in New Caledonia

Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic and Analgesic Activities of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) Leaves in Animal Model

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